Editing Plum (section)

==Species==
{{main|Prunus subg. Prunus}}
The numerous species of [[Prunus subg. Prunus|''Prunus'' subg. ''Prunus'']] are classified into many sections, but not all of them are called plums. Plums include species of sect. ''Prunus'' and sect. ''Prunocerasus'',<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Shi|first1=Shuo|last2=Li|first2=Jinlu|last3=Sun|first3=Jiahui|last4=Yu|first4=Jing|last5=Zhou|first5=Shiliang|date=2013|title=Phylogeny and classification of ''Prunus sensu lato'' (Rosaceae)|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jipb.12095|journal=Journal of Integrative Plant Biology|language=en|volume=55|issue=11|pages=1069–1079|doi=10.1111/jipb.12095|pmid=23945216|bibcode=2013JIPB...55.1069S |issn=1744-7909|via=|url-access=subscription}}</ref> as well as ''[[Prunus mume|P. mume]]'' of sect. ''Armeniaca''. Only two plum species, the hexaploid European plum (''[[Prunus domestica]]'') and the diploid Japanese plum (''[[Prunus salicina]]'' and hybrids), are of worldwide commercial significance. The origin of ''P. domestica'' is uncertain but may have involved ''P. cerasifera'' and possibly ''P. spinosa'' as ancestors. Other species of plum variously originated in Europe, Asia and America.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Bruce L. Topp|title=Plum (Handbook of Plant Breeding)|author2=Dougal M. Russell|author3=Michael Neumüller|author4=Marco A. Dalbó|author5=Weisheng Liu|chapter=Plum |year=2012|volume=8, part 3|pages=571–621|publisher=Springer |doi=10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9_15|isbn=9781441907639 }}</ref>

[[Prunus sect. Prunus|Sect. '''''Prunus''''']] ([[Old World]] plums) – leaves in bud rolled inwards; flowers 1–3 together; fruit smooth, often wax-bloomed
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Scientific name !! Common name !! Distribution !! Cytology
|-
|[[File:Prunus brigantina img-000182269O.jpg|120px]] || ''[[Prunus brigantina|P. brigantina]]''<ref name=":0" /> || Briançon plum, Briançon apricot, marmot plum ||Europe ||
|-
|[[File:Rote Kirschpflaumen 01.jpg|120px]] || ''[[Prunus cerasifera|P. cerasifera]]'' || cherry plum, myrobalan plum||Southeast Europe and Western Asia || 2n=16,(24)
|-
| || ''[[Prunus cocomilia|P. cocomilia]]'' || Italian plum||Albania, Croatia, Greece, southern Italy (including Sicily), Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and western Turkey||
|-
|[[File:Emma Leppermann 1.jpg|120px]] || ''[[Prunus domestica|P. domestica]]'' (species of most "plums" and "[[prune]]s") || ||Europe||	2n=16, 48
|-
|[[File:Damson plum fruit.jpg|120px]] || ''[[Damson|P. domestica ssp. insititia]]'' || [[damson]]s, [[bullace]]s|| Asia ||
|-
|[[File:3 blood plums on tree.jpg|120px]] || ''[[Prunus salicina|P. salicina]]'' || Chinese plum||China||2n=16,(24)
|-
|[[File:Prunus simonii.png|alt=Picture of Prunus simonii|120px]]|| ''[[Prunus simonii|P. simonii]]'' (widely cultivated in North China)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200011161|title=Prunus simonii in Flora of China @ efloras.org|publisher=efloras.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103212455/http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200011161|archive-date=2013-11-03}}</ref>|| ||China||2n=16
|-
|[[File:Closeup of blackthorn aka sloe aka prunus spinosa sweden 20050924.jpg|120px]] || ''[[Prunus spinosa|P. spinosa]]'' || blackthorn or sloe||Europe, western Asia, and locally in northwest Africa||2n=4x=32
|-
|[[File:Prunus Vachuschtii (Fruit).jpg|120px|]] || ''[[Prunus vachuschtii|P. vachuschtii]]'' || Alucha||Caucasus||
|}

[[Prunus sect. Prunocerasus|Sect. '''''Prunocerasus''''']] ([[New World]] plums) – leaves in bud folded inwards; flowers 3–5 together; fruit smooth, often wax-bloomed
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Scientific name !! Common Name!! Distribution !! Cytology
|-
| || ''[[Prunus alleghaniensis|P. alleghaniensis]]'' ||Allegheny plum ||the Appalachian Mountains from New York to Kentucky and North Carolina, plus the Lower Peninsula of Michigan || 
|-
|[[File:Prunus americana (16236067093a).jpg|120px]] || ''[[Prunus americana|P. americana]]'' ||American plum || North America from Saskatchewan and Idaho south to New Mexico and east to Québec, Maine and Florida || 
|-
|[[File:Ripening Chickasaw Plum.JPG|120px]] || ''[[Prunus angustifolia|P. angustifolia]]'' ||Chickasaw plum ||Florida west as far as New Mexico and California || 
|-
| || ''[[Prunus gracilis|P. gracilis]]'' || Oklahoma plum|| Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas || 
|-
|[[File:Prunus armeniaca E1.jpg|120px]] || ''[[Prunus hortulana|P. hortulana]]'' ||Hortulan plum || Arkansas, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia || 
|-
|[[File:Prunus maritima.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Prunus maritima|P. maritima]]'' ||Beach plum || East Coast of the United States, from Maine south to Maryland || 
|-
|[[File:Prunus mexicana-fruits-leaves.jpg|120px]] || ''[[Prunus mexicana|P. mexicana]]'' ||Mexican plum ||central United States and Northern Mexico || 
|-
||| ''[[Prunus murrayana|P. murrayana]]'' ||Murray's plum ||Texas || 
|-
|[[File:Prunus nigra 5444371.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Prunus nigra|P. nigra]]'' ||Canada plum, Black plum || eastern North America from Nova Scotia west to Minnesota and southeastern Manitoba, and south as far as Connecticut, Illinois, and Iowa|| 
|-
| || ''[[Prunus × orthosepala|P. × orthosepala]]'' (''P. americana'' × ''P. angustifolia'') || || southern and central United States || 
|-
|[[File:Prunus armeniaca E1.jpg|120px]] ||  ''[[Prunus reverchonii|P. reverchonii]]'' ||Thicket plum || || 
|-
|[[File:Creek plum22.png|120px]] || ''[[Prunus rivularis|P. rivularis]]'' ||River plum, Creek plum,Wildgoose plum  || California, Arkansas, southern Illinois, south-eastern Kansas, Kentucky, northern Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, south-western Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Texas || 
|-
|[[File:Prunus subcordata 2.jpg|120px]] || ''[[Prunus subcordata|P. subcordata]]'' ||Klamath, Oregon, or Sierra plum ||California and western and southern Oregon || 
|-
||| ''[[Prunus texana|P. texana]]'' ||Texas plum, Sand plum, Peachbush plum ||central and western Texas || 
|-
|[[File:Prunus umbellata UGA1120568.jpg|120px]] || ''[[Prunus umbellata|P. umbellata]]'' ||Hog plum, Flatwoods plum, Sloe plum || United States from Virginia, south to Florida, and west to Texas || 
|-
|}

Sect. '''''Armeniaca''''' ([[apricot]]s) – leaves in bud rolled inwards; flowers very short-stalked; fruit velvety; treated as a distinct subgenus by some authors
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Scientific name !! Common Name!! Distribution !! Cytology
|-
|[[File:Prunus mume fruits.jpg|120px]] || ''[[Prunus mume|P. mume]]'' || Chinese plum, Japanese apricot||Western Asia || 
|-
|}

In certain parts of the world, some fruits are called plums and are quite different from fruits known as plums in Europe or the Americas. For example, [[Bouea macrophylla|marian plums]] are popular in Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia, otherwise also known as ''gandaria'', ''plum mango'', ''ma-praang'', ''ma-yong'', ''ramania'', ''kundang'', ''rembunia'' or ''setar''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Under-Utilized Tropical Fruits of Thailand (see Part 1, section 3)|publisher=FAO, United Nations|year=2001|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/ab777e/ab777e00.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715213406/http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/ab777e/ab777e00.htm|archive-date=2011-07-15}}</ref> Another example is the [[loquat]], also known as Japanese plum and Japanese medlar, as well as ''nispero'', ''bibassier'' and ''wollmispel'' elsewhere.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nassau.ifas.ufl.edu/horticulture/fruit/loquat.html|title=Japanese Plum - Loquat|publisher=University of Florida, Nassau County Extension, Horticulture|year=2006 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080723230636/http://nassau.ifas.ufl.edu/horticulture/fruit/loquat.html | archive-date=23 July 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Loquat|publisher=University of Purdue|author=J. Morton|year=1987|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/loquat.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134930/http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/loquat.html|archive-date=2013-06-24}}</ref> In South Asia and Southeast Asia, [[Jambul]], a fruit from tropical tree in family [[Myrtaceae]], is similarly sometimes referred to 'damson plums', and it is different from damson plums found in Europe and Americas.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jambolan|publisher=Purdue University|year=2006|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/jambolan.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910032549/http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/jambolan.html|archive-date=2012-09-10}}</ref> Jambul is also called as ''Java plum'', ''Malabar plum'', ''Jaman'', ''Jamun'', ''Jamblang'', ''Jiwat'', ''Salam'', ''Duhat'', ''Koeli'', ''Jambuláo'' or ''Koriang''.