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Polar night
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===True polar night=== A true polar night is a period of continuous [[night]] where no [[astronomical twilight]] occurs at the [[solar culmination]]. During a true polar night, stars of the sixth magnitude, which are the dimmest stars visible to the naked eye, will be visible throughout the entire 24-hour [[day]]. At [[solar noon]], the sun will be between exactly 18° and approximately 23° 26' below the horizon. These conditions last for about 11 weeks at the poles. Astronomical twilight happens when the Sun is between 12 and 18° degrees below the horizon, so this phenomenon can also be referred to as astronomical polar night. True polar night is limited to latitudes above roughly 84° 34' North or South, which is exactly 18° within the polar circles, or approximately five and a half degrees from the poles. The only permanent settlement on Earth at these latitudes is the [[Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station|Amundsen–Scott scientific research station]] in [[Antarctica]], whose winter personnel are completely isolated from mid-February to late October. The [[South Pole]] experiences this from about May 11 to August 1,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Time and Date.com - South Pole, Antarctica |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/antarctica/south-pole |access-date=June 1, 2019 |publisher=Time and Date.com}}</ref> while the [[North Pole]] experiences this from about November 12 to January 28.<ref name="arctic polar night livescience">{{Cite web |last=Rao |first=Joe |date=21 September 2010 |title=The Myth of Arctic Daylight and Darkness Exposed |url=http://www.livescience.com/32814-arctic-daylight-darkness-myth-equinox.html |access-date=14 April 2017 |website=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Time and Date.com - North Pole |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/@90.0000000,0.0000000 |access-date=March 12, 2024 |publisher=Time and Date.com}}</ref>
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