Editing Pollination (section)

==== By rain ====

Rain pollination is used by a small percentage of plants. Heavy rain discourages insect pollination and damages unprotected flowers, but can itself disperse pollen of suitably adapted plants, such as ''[[Ranunculus flammula]]'', ''[[Narthecium ossifragum]]'', and ''[[Caltha palustris]]''.<ref name="pollin" /> In these plants, excess rain drains allowing the floating pollen to come in contact with the stigma.<ref name="pollin" /> In some orchids ombrophily occurs, and rain water splashes cause the anther cap to be removed, allowing for the pollen to be exposed. After exposure, raindrops causes the pollen to be shot upward, when the stipe pulls them back, and then fall into the cavity of the stigma. Thus, for the orchid ''[[Acampe rigida]]'', this allows the plant to self-pollinate, which is useful when biotic pollinators in the environment have decreased.<ref name="Fan2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fan XL, Barrett SC, Lin H, Chen LL, Zhou X, Gao JY |date=October 2012 |title=Rain pollination provides reproductive assurance in a deceptive orchid |url= |journal=Annals of Botany |volume=110 |issue=5 |pages=953–8 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcs165 |pmc=3448421 |pmid=22851311 |doi-access=free}}</ref>