Editing Population bottleneck (section)

===Plants===
Research showed that there is incredibly low, nearly undetectable amounts of genetic diversity in the genome of the [[Wollemia|Wollemi pine]] (''Wollemia nobilis'').<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Peakall |first1=R. |last2=Ebert |first2=D. |last3=Scott |first3=L. J. |last4=Meagher |first4=P. F. |last5=Offord |first5=C. A. |year=2003 |title=Comparative genetic study confirms exceptionally low genetic variation in the ancient and endangered relictual conifer, Wollemia nobilis (Araucariaceae) |journal=Molecular Ecology |volume=12 |issue=9 |pages=2331–2343 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01926.x |pmid=12919472 |bibcode=2003MolEc..12.2331P |s2cid=35255532 }}</ref> The IUCN found a population count of 80 mature individuals and about 300 seedlings and juveniles in 2011, and previously, the Wollemi pine had fewer than 50 individuals in the wild.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T34926A9898196.en |title=Wollemia nobilis |last=Thomas |first=P. |journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |year=2011|doi-access=free }}</ref> The low population size and low genetic diversity indicates that the Wollemi pine went through a severe population bottleneck.

A population bottleneck was created in the 1970s through the conservation efforts of the endangered [[Mauna Kea silversword]] (''Argyroxiphium sandwicense'' ssp. ''sandwicense'').<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Robichaux |first1=R. H. |last2=Friar |first2=E. A. |last3=Mount |first3=D. W. |year=1997 |title=Molecular Genetic Consequences of a Population Bottleneck Associated with Reintroduction of the Mauna Kea Silversword (''Argyroxiphium sandwicense'' ssp. ''sandwicense'' [Asteraceae]) |journal=Conservation Biology |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=1140–1146 |doi=10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96314.x |s2cid=83819334 }}</ref> The small natural population of silversword was augmented through the 1970s with outplanted individuals. All of the outplanted silversword plants were found to be first or subsequent generation offspring of just two maternal founders. The low amount of polymorphic loci in the outplanted individuals led to the population bottleneck, causing the loss of the marker allele at eight of the loci.