Editing Precognition (section)

===Late 20th century===
As more modern technology became available, more automated techniques of experimentation were developed that did not rely on hand-scoring of equivalence between targets and guesses, and in which the targets could be more reliably and readily tested at random. In 1969 [[Helmut Schmidt (parapsychologist)|Helmut Schmidt]] introduced the use of high-speed random event generators (REG) for precognition testing, and experiments were also conducted at the [[Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Lab]].<ref name=Smee>{{cite journal |title=The lab that asked the wrong questions |journal=Nature |date=March 1, 2007 |first=Lucy |last=Odling-Smee |issue=7131 |pages=10–12 |doi=10.1038/446010a |volume=446 |pmid=17330012 |bibcode=2007Natur.446...10O |doi-access=free }}</ref> Once again, flaws were found in all of Schmidt's experiments, when the psychologist [[C. E. M. Hansel]] found that several necessary precautions were not taken.<ref>[[C. E. M. Hansel]]. (1980). ''ESP and Parapsychology: A Critical Re-Evaluation''. Prometheus Books. pp. 222–232. Hansel found that in the experiments of Schmidt there was no presence of an observer or second-experimenter in any of the experiments, no counterchecking of the records and no separate machines used for high and low score attempts.</ref>

SF writer [[Philip K Dick]] believed that he had precognitive experiences and used the idea in some of his novels,<ref>{{cite book | last=LeGuin | first=Ursula K. | date=1984  | chapter=Science Fiction as Prophesy | editor1-last=Stine |editor1-first=J.C.| editor2-last=Marowski| editor2-first=D.G.| title=Contemporary Literary Criticism  |volume=30| location=Detroit, MI | publisher=Gale Research}}</ref> especially as a central plot element in his 1956 science fiction short story "[[The Minority Report]]"<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Kellman |editor-first=Steven G.| date= 2006|title=Magill's Survey of American Literature, Revised Edition| publisher=Salem Press | isbn=978-1587652851}}</ref>  and in his 1956 novel ''[[The World Jones Made]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fantasticfiction.com/d/philip-k-dick/world-jones-made.htm | title=The World Jones Made (195) A Novel by Philip K Dick | website=fantasticfiction.com | access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref>

In 1963 the [[BBC]] television programme ''Monitor'' broadcast an appeal by the writer [[J.B. Priestley]] for experiences which challenged our understanding of Time. He received hundreds of letters in reply and believed that many of them described genuine precognitive dreams.<ref>Inglis (1986) p.90.</ref><ref name="Priestley1964">Priestley (1964).</ref> In 2014 the BBC Radio 4 broadcaster [[Francis Spufford]] revisited Priestley's work and its relation to the ideas of J.W. Dunne.<ref>Francis Spufford, "[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04h7lr0 I Have Been Here Before]", ''Sunday Feature'', BBC Radio 3, 14 Sep 2014.</ref>

In 1965 G. W. Lambert, a former Council member of the SPR, proposed five criteria that needed to be met before an account of a precognitive dream could be regarded as credible:<ref>Inglis (1986), p.85</ref>
#The dream should be reported to a credible witness before the event.
#The time interval between the dream and the event should be short.
#The event should be unexpected at the time of the dream.
#The description should be of an event destined literally, and not symbolically, to happen.
#The details of dream and event should tally.

David Ryback, a psychologist in [[Atlanta]], used a questionnaire survey approach to investigate precognitive dreaming in college students during the 1980s.  His survey of over 433 participants showed that 290 or 66.9 per cent reported some form of paranormal dream.  He rejected many of these reports, but claimed that 8.8 per cent of the population was having actual precognitive dreams.<ref>Ryback, David, PhD. "Dreams That Came True". New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, 1988.</ref>