Editing Principality of Calenberg (section)

=== Thirty Years' War ===
After Eric's death in 1584 Calenberg-Göttingen was again ruled by the [[Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Wolfenbüttel line]] of the Welfs. In the [[Thirty Years' War]] the brother of Duke [[Frederick Ulrich of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Frederick Ulrich]], [[Christian of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|"mad" Christian]], brought the war to the state. After Danish troops under King [[Christian IV of Denmark and Norway|Christian IV]], who was then commander of the [[Lower Saxon Circle]], was defeated by the general of the [[Catholic League (German)|Catholic League]], [[Johann t'Serclaes von Tilly|Tilly]] in the [[Battle of Lutter]], Tilly occupied the whole principality in 1626. Only the cities of Brunswick and Hanover could not be captured.

[[File:1815 und 1835 circa Wilhelm Kretschmer Aquarell Stadtschloss Leineschloss in der Leinstraße mit Hoftheater, Schlosskirche und Domänenkammer, Besitz im Historischen Museum Hannover.jpg|thumb|The [[Leineschloss]] (former Minorite monastery) in Hanover]]
When Duke Frederick Ulrich died childless in 1634 the Wolfenbüttel line of the Middle House of Brunswick ended with him. In 1635 Duke [[Augustus the Elder, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Augustus the Elder]] from the Middle House of Lüneburg received the Principality of Calenberg-Göttingen.<ref>[http://www.gwleibniz.com/georg_calenberg/georg_calenberg.html ''Georg (George) of Calenberg''] at Leibnitiana. Retrieved on 25 Jun 2010.</ref> After his death in 1636 his younger brother [[George of Brunswick-Lüneburg|George]] became its ruler. He was successful as a general on the Swedish side and he also succeeded in 1637 in recovering the country and especially the towns for the Welfs. He initially ruled out of occupied Hildesheim, but then moved his residence to [[Hanover]], which he also had built as a fortress. He had the former [[Franciscan]] [[friary]], built around 1300, converted into the [[Leineschloss]], which from then on served as a residence for the sovereigns of the principality. After his death in 1641 a separate peace was hastily concluded with the emperor, which had to be paid for by the return of the land acquired during the [[Hildesheim Diocesan Feud]]. George's sons, [[Christian Louis of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Christian Louis]], [[George William of Brunswick-Lüneburg|George William]], [[John Frederick of Brunswick-Lüneburg|John Frederick]] and [[Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Ernest Augustus]] then ruled the Principality of Calenberg-Göttingen in succession.