Editing Pro-drop language (section)

==Partial pro-drop languages==
{{main article|Null-subject language}}
Languages with partial pro-drop have both agreement and referential null subjects that are restricted with respect to their distribution.<ref name="direct.mit.edu"/> The partial [[null-subject language]]s include most Balto-Slavic languages, which allow for the deletion of the subject pronoun. Hungarian allows deletion of both the subject and object pronouns.

=== Slavic languages ===
The following table provides examples of subject pro-drop in [[Slavic languages]]. In each of these examples, the 3rd person masculine singular pronoun 'he' in the second sentence is inferred from context.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Subject pro-drop in Slavic languages
!language
!
!
|-
|[[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]
|''Бачу [яго].'' 
|''Ідзе.''
|-
|[[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
|''Виждам го.''
|''Идва.''
|-
|[[Czech language|Czech]]
|''Vidím ho.''
|''Jde.''
|-
|[[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]
|''Го гледам.''
|''Доаѓа.''
|-
|[[Polish language|Polish]]
|''Widzę go.''
|''Idzie.''
|-
|[[Russian language|Russian]] 
|''Вижу [его].''
| ''Идёт.''
|-
|[[Serbo-Croatian]]
|''Vidim ga.'' / ''Видим га.''
| ''Dolazi.'' / ''Долази.''
|-
|[[Slovene language|Slovene]]
|''Vidim ga.''
|''Prihaja.''
|-
|[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
|''Бачу [його].''
| ''Іде.''
|-
|
|'''<nowiki/>'(I)''' see [him].'
|'('''He''') is coming.'
|}
In the East Slavic languages even the objective pronoun "'''его'''" can be omitted in the present and future tenses (both imperfect and perfective). In these languages, the missing pronoun is not inferred strictly from pragmatics, but partially indicated by the morphology of the verb (Виж'''у''', Виж'''дам''', Widz'''ę''', Vid'''im''', etc...). However, the past tense of both imperfective and perfective in modern East Slavic languages inflects by gender and number rather than the person due to the fact that the present tense conjugations of the copula "to be" (Russian ''быть'', Ukrainian ''бути'', Belarusian ''быць'') have practically fallen out of use. As such, the pronoun is often included in these tenses, especially in writing.

===Finno-Ugric languages===
In [[Finnish language|Finnish]], the verb inflection replaces first- and second-person pronouns (but not thirds, which remain obligatory) in simple sentences: ''menen'' "I go", ''menette'' "all of you go". Pronouns are typically left in place only when they need to be inflected, e.g. ''me'' "we", ''meiltä'' "from us". There are [[possessive pronoun]]s but [[possessive suffix]]es, e.g. ''-ni'' as in ''kissani'' "my cat", are also used, as in ''Kissani söi kalan'' ("my cat ate a fish"). A peculiarity of [[Colloquial Finnish]] is that the pronoun ''me'' ("we") can be dropped if the verb is placed in the passive voice (e.g. ''haetaan'', Standard "it is fetched", colloquial "we fetch"). [[Estonian language|Estonian]], a close relative of Finnish, has a tendency that is less clear. Literary Estonian generally uses explicit personal pronouns in the literary language, but they are often omitted in colloquial Estonian.

[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] is also pro-drop, and subject pronouns are used only for emphasis: ''(Én) mentem'' "I went". Because of the definite conjugation, object pronouns can be often elided as well. For example, the question ''(Ti) látjátok a macskát?'' "Do (you pl.) see the cat?" can be answered with just ''látjuk'' "(We) see (it)" because the definite conjugation renders the object pronoun superfluous.

===Hebrew===
Modern [[Hebrew]], like [[Biblical Hebrew]], is a "moderately" pro-drop language. In general, subject pronouns must be included in the present tense. Since Hebrew has no verb forms expressing the present tense, the present tense is formed by using the present participle (somewhat like English ''I am '''guarding'''''). The Hebrew participle , as is the case with other adjectives, declines only in grammatical gender and number (like the ''past'' tense in Russian), thus:

:I (m.) guard (''ani shomer'') = {{Script/Hebrew|אני שומר}}

:You (m.) guard (''ata shomer'') = {{Script/Hebrew|אתה שומר}}

:He guards (''hu shomer'') = {{Script/Hebrew|הוא שומר}}

:I (f.) guard (''ani shomeret'') = {{Script/Hebrew|אני שומרת}}

:We (m.) guard (''anachnu shomrim'') = {{Script/Hebrew|אנחנו שומרים}}

Since the forms that are used for the present tense lack the distinction between grammatical persons, explicit pronouns must be added in most cases.

In contrast, the past tense and the future tense the verb form is inflected for person, number, and gender. Therefore, the verb form itself indicates sufficient information about the subject. The subject pronoun is therefore normally dropped, except in third-person.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hacohen|first1=Gonen|last2=Schegloff|first2=Emanuel A.|date=2006-08-01|title=On the preference for minimization in referring to persons: Evidence from Hebrew conversation|journal=Journal of Pragmatics|series=Focus-on Issue: Discourse and Conversation|volume=38|issue=8|pages=1305–1312|doi=10.1016/j.pragma.2006.04.004}}</ref>

: I (m./f.) guarded (''shamarti'') = {{Script/Hebrew|שמרתי}}

:You (m. pl.) guarded (''sh'martem'') = {{Script/Hebrew|שמרתם}}

:I (m./f.) will guard (''eshmor'') = {{Script/Hebrew|אשמור}}

:You (pl./m.) will guard (''tishm'ru'') = {{Script/Hebrew|תשמרו}}

Many nouns can take suffixes to reflect the possessor in which case the personal pronoun is dropped. In daily usage, the inflection of Modern Hebrew nouns is common only for some nouns. In most cases, inflected possessive pronouns are used. In Hebrew, possessive pronouns are treated mostly like adjectives and follow the nouns which they modify. In Biblical Hebrew, inflection of more sophisticated nouns is more common than in modern usage.