Editing Project manager (section)

== Types  ==

=== Architectural project manager ===
Architectural project manager are project managers in the field of [[architecture]]. They have many of the same skills as their counterpart in the [[construction industry]]. And will often work closely with the construction project manager in the office of the [[general contractor]] (GC), and at the same time, coordinate the work of the design team and numerous consultants who contribute to a construction project, and manage communication with the client. The issues of budget, scheduling, and [[quality control]] are the responsibility of the project manager in an architect's office.

=== Construction manager ===
{{see also|Construction management}}
Construction managers are primarily involved in the areas of design, bidding, contact management and construction of a project, as well as the in-between phases and post-construction. 

Until recently, the American construction industry lacked any level of standardization, with individual States determining the eligibility requirements within their jurisdiction. However, several [[trade associations]] based in the [[United States]] have made strides in creating a commonly accepted set of qualifications and tests to determine a project manager's competency.

* The [[Construction Management Association of America]] (CMAA) maintains the Certified Construction Manager (CCM) designation. The purpose of the CCM is to standardize the education, experience and professional understanding needed to practice construction management at the highest level.
* The Project Management Institute has made some headway into being a standardizing body with its creation of the [[Project Management Professional]] (PMP) designation.
* The Constructor Certification Commission of the [[American Institute of Constructors]] holds semiannual nationwide tests. Eight American Construction Management programs require that students take these exams before they may receive their [[Bachelor of Science]] in [[construction management]] degree, and 15 other universities actively encourage their students to consider the exams.
* The Associated Colleges of Construction Education and the Associated Schools of Construction have made considerable progress in developing national standards for construction education programs.

The profession has recently grown to accommodate several dozen [[construction management]] [[Bachelor of Science]] programs.
Many universities have also begun offering a master's degree in project management.  These programs generally are tailored to working professionals who have project management experience or project related experience; they provide a more intense and in depth education surrounding the knowledge areas within the project management body of knowledge.

The [[United States Navy]] construction battalions, nicknamed the [[SeaBees]], puts their command through strenuous training and certifications at every level.  To become a [[chief petty officer]] in the [[SeaBees]] is equivalent to a BS in construction management with the added benefit of several years of experience to their credit.  See ACE accreditation.

=== Engineering project manager ===
In engineering, project management involves seeing a product or device through the developing and manufacturing stages, working with various professionals in different fields of engineering and manufacturing to go from concept to finished product. Optionally, this can include different versions and standards as required by different countries, requiring knowledge of laws, requirements and infrastructure.

=== Insurance claim project manager ===
In the [[insurance industry]] project managers often oversee and manage the restoration of a client's home/office after a fire, flood, or other disaster, covering the fields from electronics through to the [[demolition]] and construction contractors.

=== IT project manager ===
IT project management generally falls into two categories, namely software (development) project manager and infrastructure project manager.

====Software project manager====
A software project manager has many of the same skills as their counterparts in other industries. Beyond the skills normally associated with traditional project management in industries such as construction and manufacturing, a software project manager will typically have an extensive background in [[software development]]. Many software project managers hold a degree in [[computer science]], [[information technology]], [[management of information systems]] or another related field.

In traditional project management a heavyweight, predictive methodology such as the [[waterfall model]] is often employed, but software project managers must also be skilled in more lightweight, adaptive methodologies such as [[Dynamic systems development method|DSDM]], [[Scrum (development)|Scrum]] and [[Extreme Programming|XP]]. These project management methodologies are based on the uncertainty of developing a new software system and advocate smaller, incremental development cycles.  These incremental or iterative cycles are time boxed (constrained to a known period of time, typically from one to four weeks) and produce a working subset of the entire system deliverable at the end of each iteration. The increasing adoption of lightweight approaches is due largely to the fact that [[software requirements]] are very susceptible to change, and it is extremely difficult to illuminate all the potential requirements in a single project phase before the software development commences.

The software project manager is also expected to be familiar with the [[software development life cycle]] (SDLC). This may require in-depth knowledge of requirements solicitation, application development, logical and physical database design and networking. This knowledge is typically the result of the aforementioned education and experience.  There is not a widely accepted certification for software project managers, but many will hold the [[Project Management Professional]] (PMP) designation offered by the [[Project Management Institute]], [[PRINCE2]] or an advanced degree in project management, such as a [[MSPM]] or other graduate degree in technology management.

====IT infrastructure project management====
An infrastructure IT PM is concerned with the nuts and bolts of the IT department, including computers, servers, storage, networking, and such aspects of them as backup, business continuity, upgrades, replacement, and growth.  Often, a secondary [[data center]] will be constructed in a remote location to help protect the business from outages caused by [[natural disaster|natural disasters]] or weather.  Recently, [[cyber security]] has become a significant growth area within IT infrastructure management.

The infrastructure PM usually has an undergraduate degree in engineering or computer science, while a [[master's degree]] in project management is required for senior-level positions.  Along with the formal education, most senior-level PMs are certified, by the [[Project Management Institute]], as  [[Project Management Professional|Project Management professionals]].  PMI also has several additional certification options, but PMP is by far the most popular.

Infrastructure PMs are responsible for managing projects that have budgets from a few thousand dollars up to many millions of dollars.  They must understand the business and the business goals of the sponsor and the capabilities of the technology in order to reach the desired goals of the project.  The most difficult part of the infrastructure PM's job maybe this translation of business needs / wants into technical specifications.  Oftentimes, business analysts are engaged to help with this requirement.  The team size of a large infrastructure project may run into several hundred engineers and technicians, many of whom have strong personalities and require strong leadership if the project goals are to be met.

Due to the high operations expense of maintaining a large staff of highly skilled IT engineering talent, many organizations outsource their infrastructure implementations and upgrades to third-party companies.  Many of these companies have strong project management organizations with the ability to not only manage their clients projects, but to also generate high quality revenue at the same time.

=== Social science research project manager ===
Project managers in the field of [[social science]] have many of the same skills as their counterparts in the IT industry. For example, project managers for the [[2020 United States census|2020 United States Census]] followed program and project management policies, framework, and control processes for all projects established within the program. They managed projects designed as part of the program to produce [[official statistics]], such as projects in [[systems engineering]], [[Questionnaire construction|questionnaire design]], [[Sampling (statistics)|sampling]], [[data collection]], and public communications.<ref>{{Cite web   |title=2020 Census Operational Plan and Detailed Operational Plans |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade/2020/planning-management/plan/op-plans.html |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=Census.gov}}</ref> Project managers of [[qualitative research]] studies must also manage scope, schedule, and cost related to research design, participant recruitment, interviewing, reporting, as well as stakeholder engagement.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sha |first1=Mandy |last2=Childs |first2=Jennifer Hunter |date=2014-08-01 |title=Applying a project management approach to survey research projects that use qualitative methods |url=https://www.surveypractice.org/article/2865-applying-a-project-management-approach-to-survey-research-projects-that-use-qualitative-methods |journal=Survey Practice |language=en |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.29115/SP-2014-0021 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last1=Sha |first1=Mandy |last2=Pan |first2=Yuling |date=2013-12-01 |title=Adapting and Improving Methods to Manage Cognitive Pretesting of Multilingual Survey Instruments |url=https://www.surveypractice.org/article/2888 |journal=Survey Practice |language=en |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.29115/SP-2013-0024 |doi-access=free|url-access=subscription }}</ref>