Editing Promethazine (section)

==Society and culture==
As of July 2017, it is marketed under many brand names worldwide: Allersoothe, Antiallersin, Anvomin, Atosil, Avomine, Closin N, Codopalm, Diphergan, Farganesse, Fenazil, Fenergan, Fenezal, Frinova, Hiberna, Histabil, Histaloc, Histantil, Histazin, Histazine, Histerzin, Lenazine, Lergigan, Nufapreg, Otosil, Pamergan, Pharmaniaga, Phenadoz, Phenerex, Phenergan, Phénergan, Pipolphen, Polfergan, Proazamine, Progene, Prohist, Promet, Prometal, Prometazin, Prometazina, Promethazin, Prométhazine, Promethazinum, Promethegan, Promezin, Proneurin, Prothazin, Prothiazine, Prozin, Pyrethia, Quitazine, Reactifargan, Receptozine, Romergan, Sominex, Sylomet, Xepagan, Zinmet, and Zoralix.<ref name=brands/>
[[File:Atosil.jpg|thumb|Atosil syrup]]
It is also marketed in many [[combination drug]] formulations:
* with [[carbocisteine]] as Actithiol Antihistaminico, Mucoease, Mucoprom, Mucotal Prometazine, and Rhinathiol;
* with [[paracetamol]] (acetaminophen) as Algotropyl, Calmkid, Fevril, Phen Plus, and Velpro-P;
* with [[paracetamol]]  and [[dextromethorphan]] as Choligrip na noc, Coldrex Nočná Liečba, Fedril Night Cold and Flu, Night Nurse, and Tachinotte;
* with [[paracetamol]], [[phenylephrine]], and [[salicylamide]] as Flukit;
* with [[dextromethorphan]] as Axcel Dextrozine and Hosedyl DM;
* with [[dextromethorphan]] and [[ephedrine]] as Methorsedyl;
* with [[dextromethorphan]] and [[pseudoephedrine]] as Sedilix-DM;
* with [[dextromethorphan]] and [[phenylephedrine]] as Sedilix-RX;
* with [[pholcodine]] as Codo-Q Junior and Tixylix;
* with [[pholcodine]] and [[ephedrine]] as Phensedyl Dry Cough Linctus;
* with [[pholcodine]] and [[phenylephedrine]] as Russedyl Compound Linctus;
* with [[pholcodine]] and [[phenylpropanolamine]] as Triple 'P';
* with [[codeine]] as Kefei and Procodin;
* with [[codeine]] and [[ephedrine]] as Dhasedyl, Fendyl, and P.E.C.;
* with [[ephedrine]]  and [[dextromethorphan]] as Dhasedyl DM;
* with [[glutamic acid]] as Psico-Soma, and Psicosoma;
* with [[noscapine]] as Tussisedal; and
* with [[chlorpromazine]]  and [[phenobarbital]] as Vegetamin.<ref name=brands/>

===Recreational use===

The recreational drug [[lean (drug)|lean]], also known as purple drank among other names, often contains a combination of promethazine with codeine-containing [[cold medication]].<ref name="lean">{{cite journal | vauthors = Agnich LE, Stogner JM, Miller BL, Marcum CD | title = Purple drank prevalence and characteristics of misusers of codeine cough syrup mixtures | journal = Addictive Behaviors | volume = 38 | issue = 9 | pages = 2445–9 | date = September 2013 | pmid = 23688907 | doi = 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.03.020 | url = http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/Marcum_Catherine_2013_Purple_drank_orig.X.pdf }}</ref>

=== Product liability lawsuit ===
{{Main|Wyeth v. Levine}}

In 2009, the [[US Supreme Court]] ruled on a [[product liability]] case involving promethazine.  Diana Levine, a woman with a migraine, was administered [[Wyeth]]'s Phenergan via [[IV push]].  The drug was injected improperly, resulting in [[gangrene]] and subsequent amputation of her right forearm below the elbow.  A state jury awarded her $6 million in [[punitive damages]].

The case was appealed to the Supreme Court on grounds of [[federal preemption]] and [[substantive due process]].<ref name=Liptak>{{cite news | vauthors = Liptak A |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/19/us/19scotus.html |title=Drug Label, Maimed Patient and Crucial Test for Justices |work=The New York Times |date=18 September 2001 |access-date=31 October 2008}}</ref>  The Supreme Court upheld the lower courts' rulings, stating that "Wyeth could have unilaterally added a stronger warning about IV-push administration" without acting in opposition to federal law.<ref name="NYTimes">{{cite news | vauthors = Stout D  |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/05/washington/05scotus.html |title=Drug Approval Is Not a Shield From Lawsuits, Justices Rule |work=The New York Times |date=4 March 2009 |access-date=4 March 2009}}</ref> In effect, this means drug manufacturers can be held liable for injuries if warnings of potential adverse effects, approved by the [[US Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA), are deemed insufficient by state courts.

In September 2009, the FDA required a [[boxed warning]] be put on promethazine for injection, stating the contraindication for subcutaneous administration. The preferred administrative route is intramuscular, which reduces the risk of surrounding muscle and tissue damage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/DrugSafetyInformationforHeathcareProfessionals/ucm182169.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090921025943/http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/DrugSafetyInformationforHeathcareProfessionals/ucm182169.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 September 2009|title=Information for Healthcare Professionals: Intravenous Promethazine and Severe Tissue Injury, Including Gangrene|website=[[Food and Drug Administration]]|date=15 August 2013}}</ref>