Editing Prophet's Mosque (section)

== Architecture ==
[[File:Gumbad e Khizarah.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Green Dome]] was given its signature color in 1837]]

The modern-day mosque is situated on a rectangular plot and is two stories tall. The [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] prayer hall, which is the oldest part of the mosque, lies towards the south. It has a [[flat roof|flat paved roof]] topped with 27 sliding [[dome]]s on square bases.<ref>{{citation |last=Otto |first=Frei |publisher=Bodo Rasch |title=Finding Form: Towards an Architecture of the Minimal |year=1996 |isbn=3-930698-66-8}}</ref> Holes pierced into the base of each dome illuminate the interior when the domes are closed. The sliding roof is closed during the afternoon prayer (''[[Zuhr prayer|Dhuhr]]'') to protect the visitors. When the domes slide out on metal tracks to shade areas of the roof, they create light wells for the prayer hall. At these times, the courtyard of the Ottoman mosque is also shaded with umbrellas affixed to freestanding [[column]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Archnet|url=http://archnet.org/sites/3789|work=archnet.org}}</ref> The roof is accessed by stairs and [[escalator]]s. The paved area around the mosque is also used for prayer, equipped with umbrella tents.<ref>{{cite web|author=MakMax (Taiyo Kogyo Group)|title=Large scale umbrellas (250 units) completed, covering the pilgrims worldwide with membrane architecture : MakMax|url=http://www.makmax.com/news/2012/nw0214.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026072356/http://www.makmax.com/news/2012/nw0214.html|archive-date=26 October 2015|access-date=10 June 2013|work=makmax.com}}</ref> The sliding domes and [[Medina Haram Piazza|retractable umbrella-like canopies]] were designed by the German Muslim architect [[Mahmoud Bodo Rasch]], his firm [[SL Rasch GmbH Special and Lightweight Structures|SL Rasch GmbH]], and [[Buro Happold]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Walker|first=Derek|title=The Confidence to Build|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=1998|isbn=0-419-24060-8|location=p 69|page=176}}</ref>

=== The Green Dome ===
{{main|Green Dome}}
The chamber adjacent to the ''Rawdah'' holds the tombs of Muhammad and two of [[Companions of the Prophet|his companions]] and [[Family tree of Muhammad|fathers-in-law]], Abu Bakr and Umar. A fourth grave is reserved for [[Jesus in Islam|ʿĪsā]] (Jesus), as Muslims believe that [[Second Coming|he will return]] and will be buried at the site. The site is covered by the Green Dome. It was constructed in 1817 CE during the reign of the Ottoman sultan [[Mahmud II]] and painted green in 1837 CE.<ref name="Syed" />

=== The Rawdah ===
[[File:Rawdah by Uleke.jpg|thumb|''Ar-Rawdah ash-Sharifah'' is mostly crowded with worshippers, and movement is restricted by policemen at all times]]

''Ar-Rawḍah ash-Sharīfah'' ({{langx|ar|ٱلرَّوْضَة ٱلشَّرِيْفَة|lit=The Noble Garden}}) is an area between the ''minbar'' and the burial-chamber of Muhammad. It is regarded as one of the ''Riyāḍ al-[[Jannah]]'' ({{langx|ar|رِيَاض ٱلْجَنَّة|lit=Gardens of the Paradise}}).<ref>{{cite book|author=Malik ibn Anas|author-link=Malik ibn Anas|title=[[Muwatta Imam Malik]]|chapter=14.5.11|chapter-url=http://sunnah.com/urn/404650}}</ref><ref name="Syed" /> A green carpet was used to distinguish the area from the red carpet used in the rest of the mosque, though it is now also green.

=== Mihrabs ===
[[File:Qibla Nabvi mosque.jpg|thumb|upright|The old mihrab constructed by Muhammad. It was remodeled several times over the centuries, and is currently set in marble.]]

There are two [[mihrab]]s or niches indicating the ''qiblah'' in the mosque, one was built by Muhammad and another was built by Uthman. The one built by the latter was larger than that of Muhammad's, and it acts as the functional mihrab, whereas Muhammad's mihrab is a "commemorative" mihrab.{{sfn|Ariffin|2005|p=57}} Besides the ''mihrab'', the mosque also has other niches which act as indicators for praying. This includes the ''Miḥrāb Fāṭimah'' ({{langx|ar|مِحْرَاب فَاطِمَة|links=no}}) or ''Miḥrāb at-[[Tahajjud]]'' ({{langx|ar|مِحْرَاب ٱلتَّهَجُّد|links=no}}), which was built by Muhammad for the late-night prayer.<ref name="PM">{{cite web|title=The Prophet's Mosque|url=http://www.lastprophet.info/the-prophet-s-mosque-%E2%94%82-masjid-al-nabawi|access-date=19 June 2015|publisher=Last Prophet|archive-date=15 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915021948/http://www.lastprophet.info/the-prophet-s-mosque-%E2%94%82-masjid-al-nabawi|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is currently a dead link and may not be sufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|date=January 2024}}

=== Minbars ===
[[File:Minbar at Masjid Nabvi, Medina.JPG|thumb|upright|The ''minbar'' commissioned by Sultan [[Murad III]] is still in use at the mosque today]]
The original ''minbar'' ({{lang|ar|مِنـۢبَر}}) used by Muhammad was a block of [[date palm]] wood. This was replaced by him with a [[tamarisk]] one, which had dimensions of {{convert|50|x|125|cm|abbr=on}}. In 629 CE, a three staired ladder was added to it. Abu Bakr and Umar did not use the third step as a sign of respect to Muhammad, but Uthman placed a fabric dome over it, and the rest of the stairs were covered with [[ebony]]. The ''minbar'' was replaced by [[Baybars I]], by [[Shaykh al-Mahmudi]] in 1417, and by [[Qaitbay]] in 1483. In 1590 it was replaced by the Ottoman sultan [[Murad III]] with a marble ''minbar'', while Qaytbay's minbar was moved to the Quba Mosque. As of 2013, the Ottoman minbar is still used in the mosque.<ref name="PM" />{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is currently a dead link and may not be sufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|date=January 2024}}

=== Minarets ===
[[File:Prophet’s Mosque Minaret 2021.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Minaret]] in Prophet's Mosque]]
The first recorded [[minaret]]s, four in number, were constructed between 707 and 709 during the reign of al-Walid I.{{Sfn|Ettinghausen|Grabar|Jenkins-Madina|2001|p=21}} They were {{convert|26|ft|m}} high.<ref name="PM" />{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is currently a dead link and may not be sufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|date=January 2024}} In 1307, a minaret titled ''Bāb as-Salām'' ({{lang|ar|بَاب ٱلسَّلَام}}, "Gate of the [[Peace in Islamic philosophy|Peace]]") was added by [[al-Nasir Muhammad]] which was renovated by [[Mehmed IV]]. After the renovation project of 1994, there were ten minarets which were {{convert|104|m|ft}} high. The minarets' upper, middle, and bottom portions are cylindrical, octagonal, and square shaped respectively.<ref name="PM" />{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is currently a dead link and may not be sufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|date=January 2024}}