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Protoscience
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==Developmental stages of science== Bunge stated that protoscience may occur as the second stage of a five-stage process in the development of science.{{sfn|Bunge|1983|p=160}} Each stage has a theoretical and empirical aspect:{{sfn|Bunge|1983|p=160}} # <em>Prescience</em> has unchecked speculation theory and unchecked data.{{sfn|Bunge|1983|p=160}} # <em>Protoscience</em> has hypotheses without theory accompanied by observation and occasional measurement, but no experiment.{{sfn|Bunge|1983|p=160}} # <em>Deuteroscience</em> has hypotheses formulated mathematically without theory accompanied by systematic measurement, and experiment on perceptible traits of perceptible objects.{{sfn|Bunge|1983|p=160}} # <em>Tritoscience</em> has mathematical models accompanied by systematic measurements and experiments on perceptible and imperceptible traits of perceptible and imperceptible objects.{{sfn|Bunge|1983|p=160}} # <em>Tetartoscience</em> has mathematical models and comprehensive theories accompanied by precise systematic measurements and experiments on perceptible and imperceptible traits of perceptible and imperceptible objects.{{sfn|Bunge|1983|p=160}}
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