Editing Psi Upsilon (section)

== Controversies and member misconduct ==

=== Co-educational shift ===
In 1971, [[Bowdoin College]], formerly all-male, decided to admit women to the college. The members of ''Kappa chapter'' of Psi Upsilon also voted to accept women that year becoming the first co-ed fraternity on Bowdoin's campus and in Psi Upsilon.In 1976, Patricia “Barney” Geller attended the national meeting as Kappa's president. And Psi U distinguished itself by not revoking Kappa's charter status.Instead the ''Kappa chapter'' admitted members of both sexes for as long as it existed and was only the first in Psi U to do so.<ref>{{cite web |title=Looking back: women make a place for themselves in Bowdoin Greek life |date=27 September 2019 |url=https://bowdoinorient.com/2019/09/27/looking-back-women-make-a-place-for-themselves-in-bowdoin-greek-life/}}</ref>

In 2014, [[Wesleyan University]] required all male-only fraternities to become coeducational, partly in response to issues with sexual assault and harassment. At the time, Psi Upsilon and [[Delta Kappa Epsilon]] were the only recognized fraternities at the school.<ref>{{cite news|last1=New|first1=Jake|title=Admit Women or Else|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2014/09/23/wesleyan-university-orders-its-fraternities-become-coeducational|access-date=September 25, 2016|work=Inside Higher Ed|date=September 23, 2014}}</ref> After Delta Kappa Epsilon's housing was closed for failing to comply with the changes, Psi Upsilon was the remaining fraternity at the school. The fraternity agreed to become coeducational, but the chapter's housing was temporarily suspended by the school before any female students could join. The closure was pending a drug investigation and past claims of sexual assault .<ref>{{cite news|last=New|first=Jake|title=Search and Seizure|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/08/23/new-rules-iu-allow-officials-enter-fraternities-sororities-probable-cause|access-date=25 September 2016|work=Inside Higher Ed|date=August 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Holley|first1=Peter|title=Following two sexual assaults, Wesleyan University bans fraternity from holding social events|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/12/01/following-two-sexual-assaults-wesleyan-university-bans-fraternity-from-holding-social-events/|access-date=September 25, 2016|newspaper=Washington Post|date=December 1, 2014}}</ref> As of September 2016, the chapter's house was expected to reopen with both male and female members.<ref>{{cite news|last1=De Beus|first1=Camille|title=Psi Upsilon Returns to Official Program Housing|url=http://wesleyanargus.com/2016/09/05/psi-upsilon-returns-to-official-program-housing/|access-date=September 25, 2016|work=The Wesleyan Argus|date=September 5, 2016}}</ref>

=== University of Pennsylvania chapter closure ===
On Saturday, January 20, 1990, the brothers of Psi Upsilon's Penn chapter kidnapped a rival fraternity member, subjecting him to various forms of physical and mental abuse. Penn kicked Psi U off campus less than five months later.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedp.com/article/1998/04/the_night_the_castle_crumbled|title=The night the Castle crumbled|first=the, Penn, Daily Pennsylvanian, The Daily Pennsylvanian, Ben|last=Geldon|website=www.thedp.com}}</ref> During the drive, the Psi U officers played a tape of a [[Malcolm X]] speech containing references to violence directed at whites. Because this tape was played at a loud volume O'Flanagan believed that no one would be able to hear any possible cries for help. The Psi U officers and pledges drove O'Flanagan to a secluded playground/park area. O’Flanagan said, “I'm not Sheffield, I'm Billy O'Flanagan." Someone then said, “Oh shit." O'Flanagan replied, Take me back now and I'll forget about it. but they ignored his request. They encircled O'Flanagan whispering to him again the phrase 'Sheffield Deathfield'. O'Flanagan told them that he was not Sheffield. They, however, did not release O'Flanagan. They also taunted O'Flanagan by referring to lynchings in the South, in Alabama. O'Flanagan remained handcuffed to the metal structure for some time. He was barefoot and only minimally clothed, and the night was cold and rainy. O'Flanagan was kept at the playground/park area in the custody of two Psi U pledges while the Psi U officers and pledges who had come to this site went to get food and check in by telephone with [a Psi U officer] at the Psi U fraternity house. Before these Psi U officers and pledges left, one of them said to O’Flanagan, 'We're coming back with something you won’t want to eat.' They then conducted a mock “trial" which consisted in part of O'Flanagan's being subjected to physical discomfort, emotional distress, and repeated and intense verbal abuse.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 11, 1990 |title=Excerpts from Findings in the Kidnapping Case |pages=9 |work=Daily Pennsylvanian |url=https://dparchives.library.upenn.edu/?a=d&d=tdp19900511-01.2.31&srpos=16&e=------199-en-20--1--txt-txIN-----1990-- }}</ref>

=== Cornell chapter closure ===
[[File:Psi Upsilon, Cornell University.jpg|thumb|right|upright=.7|Former Psi Upsilon building at Cornell]]
In July 2016, the president of Psi Upsilon's Chi chapter at [[Cornell University]] was indicted by a grand jury for [[sexual abuse]] of a female Cornell student in the fraternity house. The crime allegedly took place in late January of that year, with initial charges brought in early February.<ref>{{cite news|last1=L'Heureux|first1=Catie|title=Former Cornell Fraternity President Indicted for Sexual Abuse*|url=http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/07/cornell-student-wolfgang-ballinger-indicted-for-alleged-rape.html|access-date=September 25, 2016|work=New York Magazine|date=July 15, 2016}}</ref> In May the accused student sued Cornell University, saying that their investigation process was flawed and non-compliant with recent changes in State law.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Harris|first1=Chris|title=Fraternity President Accused of Sexual Assault Files Civil Suit Against Cornell University|url=http://www.people.com/article/fraternity-president-accused-of-sexual-assault-files-civil-suit-against-cornell-university|access-date=September 25, 2016|work=People|date=May 12, 2016}}</ref> The chapter has been suspended by both the national leadership of the fraternity, and Cornell University, although the university cited other violations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/cornell-fraternity-member-charged-attempted-rape/story?id=36757005|title=Cornell Fraternity President Charged With Attempted Rape|date=8 February 2016|website=ABC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Craighead|first1=Olivia|title=NYU Enrolls Student Undergoing Felony Sexual Abuse Charges|url=http://nyulocal.com/on-campus/2016/09/21/nyu-admits-student-undergoing-felony-sexual-abuse-charges/|work=NYU Local|access-date=September 25, 2016|date=September 21, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=University revokes recognition of Psi Upsilon Fraternity|url=http://statements.cornell.edu/2016/20160525-psi-upsilon.cfm|publisher=Cornell University|access-date=September 25, 2016|date=June 24, 2016}}</ref> Following a [[racism|racist]] assault on a [[Black people|Black]] student by white members of the house in September 2017, the chapter's alumni board voted to close the chapter indefinitely.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Harris|first1=Elizabeth|title= Cornell Fraternity Closes Indefinitely After Racially Charged Attack |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/19/nyregion/cornell-fraternity-bias-attack.html?mcubz=1&_r=0|access-date=September 19, 2017|work=New York Times|date=September 19, 2017}}</ref>