Editing Queens (section)

==Demographics==
{{Main|Demographics of Queens}}
<!--static header would be nice-->

{{NYC boroughs}}
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Racial composition !! 2020<ref name="IndyStar 2020" />!! 2010<ref name="factfinder.census.gov">{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |title=U.S. Census website |access-date=May 18, 2019 }}</ref>!! 1990<ref name="Gibson-Jung 2002 Sep 1" />!! 1970<ref name="Gibson-Jung 2002 Sep 1" /> !! 1950<ref name="Gibson-Jung 2002 Sep 1" />
|-
| [[White American|White]] || 25.8% || 39.7% || 57.9% || 85.3% || 96.5%
|-
| —Non-Hispanic || 22.8%|| 27.6% || 48.0% || n/a || n/a
|-
| [[African American|Black or African American]] || 16.8% || 19.1% || 21.7% || 13.0% || 3.3%
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race) || 27.8% || 27.5% || 19.5% || 7.7%<ref>From 15% sample</ref> || n/a
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]] || 27.5% || 22.9% || 12.2% || 1.1% || 0.1%
|}
{| style="float:right;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
{{US Census population
| 1790 = 16014
| 1800 = 16916
| 1810 = 19336
| 1820 = 21519
| 1830 = 22460
| 1840 = 30324
| 1850 = 36833
| 1860 = 57391
| 1870 = 73803
| 1880 = 90574
| 1890 = 128059
| 1900 = 152999
| 1910 = 284041
| 1920 = 469042
| 1930 = 1079129
| 1940 = 1297634
| 1950 = 1550849
| 1960 = 1809578
| 1970 = 1986473
| 1980 = 1891325
| 1990 = 1951598
| 2000 = 2229379
| 2010 = 2230722
| 2020 = 2405464
| estyear = 2024
| estimate = 2316841
| estref = <ref name="l968">{{cite web | title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Queens County, New York | website=Census Bureau QuickFacts | date=2024-07-01 | url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/queenscountynewyork/PST045224 | access-date=2025-05-19}}</ref>
| align-fn = center
| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="USCensus-Decennial 2015" /><br />1790-1960<ref name="Forstall 1995 Apr 20" />1900-1990<ref name="Forstall 1995 Apr 20" /><br>1990-2000<ref name="USCensus-Queens foreign-born 2010" /> 2010<ref name="USCensus-Queens foreign-born 2020" /> 2020<ref name="2020-Census-Map" />
}}
|}
[[File:Bwy Elmhurst Chinatown jeh.jpg|thumb|upright=1|The [[Elmhurst, Queens#Chinatown, Elmhurst (唐人街, 艾姆赫斯特)|Elmhurst Chinatown (艾姆赫斯特 唐人街)]] at the corner of Broadway and Dongan Avenue]]
[[File:Astoria uncle georges.jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[Astoria, Queens|Astoria]], a largely [[Greek-American]] neighborhood]]At the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], 2,405,464 people lived in Queens. In 2018's [[American Community Survey]], the population of Queens was estimated by the [[United States Census Bureau]] to have increased to 2,278,906, a rise of 2.2%. Queens' estimated population represented 27.1% of New York City's population of 8,398,748; 29.6% of Long Island's population of 7,701,172; and 11.7% of New York State's population of 19,542,209. The 2019 estimates reported a decline to 2,253,858.<ref name="USCensus-Queens Demographic-Housing 2020" /> In 2018, there were 865,878 housing units, and 777,904 households, 2.97 persons per household, and a median value of $481,300. There was an owner-occupancy rate of 44.5.<ref name="USCensus-Queens Demographic-Housing 2020" /> In the [[2010 United States census]], Queens recorded a population of 2,230,722. There were 780,117 households enumerated, with an average of 2.82 persons per household. The [[population density]] was {{convert|20,465.3|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|inhabitants&nbsp;|inhabitants|}}. There were 835,127 housing units at an average density of {{convert|7,661.7|/mi2|/km2|adj=pre|units&nbsp;}}.

The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|racial makeup]] of the county in 2010 was 39.7% White, 19.1% Black or African American, 0.7% Native American, 22.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 12.9% from other races, and 4.5% from two or more races. A total of 27.5% of the population were [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latin American]] of any race. The [[Non-Hispanic whites|non-Hispanic white]] population was 27.6%.<ref name="factfinder.census.gov" /> In 2019, non-Hispanic whites made up an estimated 24.4% of the population, and Blacks or African Americans were 17.3%.<ref name="USCensus-Queens Demographic-Housing 2020" /> The largest minority groups for the borough were Hispanic and Latin Americans (28.2%), and Asians (26.0%).

In Queens, residents consisted of 6.2% under 5, 13.9% 6–18, 64.2% 19–64, and 15.7% over 65. Females made up 51.5% of the population. An estimated 47.5% of residents are foreign-born in 2018. The per capita income was $28,814, and the median household income was $62,008. In 2018, 12.2% of residents lived below the poverty line.

The New York City Department of City Planning was alarmed by the negligible reported increase in population between 2000 and 2010. Areas with high proportions of immigrants and undocumented aliens are traditionally undercounted for a variety of reasons, often based on a mistrust of government officials or an unwillingness to be identified. In many cases, counts of vacant apartment units did not match data from local surveys and reports from property owners.<ref name="NYTs 2011 May 24" />
[[File:Ethnic Origins in Queens.png|thumb|Ethnic origins in Queens]] 
{{As of|2023}}, illegal [[Chinese emigration|Chinese immigration]] to New York City, especially to Queens and its [[Flushing Chinatown]], has accelerated.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/24/us/politics/china-migrants-us-border.html|title=Growing Numbers of Chinese Migrants Are Crossing the Southern Border|author=Eileen Sullivan|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 24, 2023|access-date=November 24, 2023|quote=Most who have come to the United States in the past year were middle-class adults who have headed to New York after being released from custody. New York has been a prime destination for migrants from other nations as well, particularly Venezuelans, who rely on the city's resources, including its shelters. But few of the Chinese migrants are staying in the shelters. Instead, they are going where Chinese citizens have gone for generations: Flushing, Queens. Or to some, the Chinese Manhattan...“New York is a self-sufficient Chinese immigrants community,” said the Rev. Mike Chan, the executive director of the Chinese Christian Herald Crusade, a faith-based group in the neighborhood.}}</ref>

===Ethnic groups===
[[File:74th St shopping Jax Hts jeh.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Little India in [[Jackson Heights]]]]
[[File:Stock-De Kalb-Hart Av Historic Dist Bushwick jeh.jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[Ridgewood, Queens|Ridgewood]] is home to a large Puerto Rican community]]
According to a 2001 Claritas study, Queens was the most diverse county in the United States among counties of 100,000+ population.<ref name="Business-Wire 2001 Jul 23" /> A 2014 analysis by ''[[The Atlantic]]'' found Queens County to be the third most racially diverse county-equivalent in the United States—behind [[Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska|Aleutians West Census Area]] and [[Aleutians East Borough, Alaska|Aleutians East Borough]] in Alaska—as well as the most diverse county in New York.<ref name="Narula 2014 apr 29" /> Meanwhile, a 2017 study by [[Axios (website)|Axios]] found that, although numerous smaller counties in the United States had higher rates of diversity, Queens was the United States' most diverse populous county.<ref name="Axios 2019 Jul 4" />

In Queens, approximately 48.5% of the population was [[foreign born]] as of 2010. Within the foreign born population, 49.5% were born in [[Latin America]], 33.5% in Asia, 14.8% in Europe, 1.8% in Africa, and 0.4% in North America. Roughly 2.1% of the population was born in [[Puerto Rico]], a U.S. territory, or abroad to American parents. In addition, 51.2% of the population was born in the United States. Approximately 44.2% of the population over 5 years of age speak English at home; 23.8% speak Spanish at home. Also, 16.8% of the populace speak other [[Indo-European languages]] at home. Another 13.5% speak a non-Indo-European [[Languages of Asia|Asian language]] or language of the [[Pacific Islands]] at home.<ref name="USCensus-Queens languages 2020" />

Among the Asian population in 2010, people of [[Chinese American|Chinese ethnicity]] made up the largest ethnic group at 10.2% of Queens' population, with about 237,484 people; the other East and Southeast Asian groups are: [[Korean American|Koreans]] (2.9%), [[Filipino American|Filipinos]] (1.7%), [[Japanese American|Japanese]] (0.3%), [[Thai American|Thais]] (0.2%), [[Vietnamese American|Vietnamese]] (0.2%), and [[Indonesian American|Indonesians]] and [[Burmese American|Burmese]] both make up 0.1% of the population.<ref name="USCensus-Queens 2010" /> People of [[South Asian]] descent made up 7.8% of Queens' population: [[Indian American|Indians]] (5.3%), [[Bangladeshi American|Bangladeshi]] (1.5%), [[Pakistani American|Pakistanis]] (0.7%), and [[Nepalese American|Nepali]] (0.2%).<ref name="USCensus-Queens 2010" /> In 2019, Chinese Americans remained the largest Asian ethnicity (10.9%) followed by [[Indian Americans|Asian Indians]] (5.7%).<ref name="USCensus-Queens Demographic-Housing 2020" /> Asian Indians had estimated population of 144,896 in 2014 (6.24% of the 2014 borough population),<ref name="USCensus-Queens-Asian-Indian-Alone 2014" /> as well as [[Pakistani American]]s, who numbered at 15,604.<ref name="AAFNY 2019" /> Queens has the second largest [[Sikhism in the United States|Sikh]] population in the nation after [[California]].<ref name="WSJ 2010 Aug 20" />

Among the Hispanic or Latin American population, [[Puerto Rican people|Puerto Ricans]] made up the largest ethnic group at 4.6%, next to [[Mexican American|Mexicans]], who made up 4.2% of the population, and [[Dominican American|Dominicans]] at 3.9%. [[Central American]]s made up 2.4% and are mostly [[Salvadorans]]. [[South American]]s constitute 9.6% of Queens's population, mainly of [[Ecuadorian]] (4.4%) and [[Colombian American|Colombian]] descent (4.2%).<ref name="USCensus-Queens 2010" /> The 2019 American Community Survey estimated Mexicans and Puerto Ricans were equally the largest groups (4.5% each) in Queens, and Cuban Americans were the third largest single group. Other Hispanic and Latinos collectively made up 18.9% of the population.<ref name="USCensus-Queens Demographic-Housing 2020" /> The Hispanic or Latino population increased by 61% to 597,773 between 1990 and 2006 and now accounts for over 26.5% of the borough's population.

Queens has the largest [[Colombian American|Colombian]] population in the city, accounting for over 35.6% of the city's total Colombian population, for a total of 145,956 in 2019;<ref name="NY1 2019 Oct 7" /> it also has the largest [[Ecuadorian American|Ecuadorian]] population in the city, accounting for 62.2% of the city's total Ecuadorian population, for a total of 101,339. Queens has the largest [[Peruvian American|Peruvian]] population in the city, accounting for 69.9% of the city's total Peruvian population, for a total of 30,825. Queens has the largest [[Salvadoran American|Salvadoran]] population in the city, accounting for 50.7% of the city for a total population of 25,235. The [[Mexican American|Mexican]] population in Queens has increased 45.7% since 2011 to 71,283, the second-highest in the city, after Brooklyn.<ref name="Chan 2005" />

Queens is also home to 49.6% of the city's Asian population. Among the five boroughs, Queens has the largest population of [[Chinese American|Chinese]], [[Indian American|Indian]], [[Korean American|Korean]], [[Filipino American|Filipino]], [[Bangladeshi American|Bangladeshi]] and [[Pakistani American]]s. Queens has the largest [[Asian American]] population by county outside the [[Western United States]]; according to the 2006 American Community Survey, Queens ranks fifth among US counties with 477,772 (21.18%) Asian Americans, behind [[Los Angeles County, California]], [[Honolulu County, Hawaii]], [[Santa Clara County, California]], and [[Orange County, California]].

Some main European ancestries in Queens as of 2000 include: [[Italian American|Italian]] (8.4%), [[Irish American|Irish]] (5.5%), [[German American|German]] (3.5%), [[Polish American|Polish]] (2.7%), [[Russian American|Russian]] (2.3%), and [[Greek American|Greek]] (2.0%). Of the [[European Americans|European American]] population, Queens has the third largest [[Bosnian American|Bosnian]] population in the United States behind only [[St. Louis]] and [[Chicago]], numbering more than 15,000.<ref name="Quinnipiac-Chronicle 2012 Feb 22" /> Queens is home to some 50,000 [[Armenian Americans]].<ref name="NY AGBU">{{cite web|author=Hrag Vartanian|url=http://agbu.org/publications/article.asp?A_ID=65|title=Tracking Armenians in New York|date=April 1, 2002|publisher=[[Armenian General Benevolent Union]]|access-date=July 21, 2012|quote=Today, Manhattan's community has shrunk to 10,000 of the 150,000 Armenians in the Greater New York area. As the most culturally diverse county in the nation, Queens was and perhaps still is home to the bulk of Tri-State Armenians with today's population hovering around 50,000.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101209200049/http://agbu.org/publications/article.asp?A_ID=65|archive-date=December 9, 2010 }}</ref>

The ''Jewish Community Study of New York 2011'', sponsored by the [[UJA-Federation of New York]], found that about 9% of Queens residents were Jews.<ref name="Cohen 2012 Jun" /> In 2011, there were about 198,000 [[Jews in New York City|Jews in Queens]], making it home to about 13% of all people in Jewish households in the eight-county area consisting of the Five Boroughs and [[Westchester County|Westchester]], [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau]], and [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]] counties.<ref name="Cohen 2012 Jun" /> Russian-speaking Jews make up 28% of the Jewish population in Queens, the largest in any of the eight counties.<ref name="Cohen 2012 Jun p-227" />

In Queens, the Black and African American population earns more than non-Hispanic whites on average.<ref name="NYTs 2006 Oct 1" /> Many of these Blacks and African Americans live in quiet, middle-class suburban neighborhoods near the Nassau County border, such as [[Laurelton, Queens|Laurelton]] and [[Cambria Heights]], which have large Black populations whose family income is higher than average. The migration of European Americans from parts of Queens has been long ongoing with departures from Ozone Park, Woodhaven, Bellerose, Floral Park, and Flushing (most of the outgoing population has been replaced with Asian Americans). Neighborhoods such as Whitestone, College Point, North Flushing, Auburndale, Bayside, Middle Village, and Douglaston–Little Neck have not had a substantial exodus of white residents, but have seen an increase of Asian population, mostly Chinese and Korean. Queens has experienced a [[real estate]] boom making most of its neighborhoods desirable for people who want to reside near Manhattan but in a less urban setting.

===Languages===
According to the office of the [[New York State Comptroller]] in 2000, 138 languages are spoken in the borough.<ref name="Queens-Economic-Review 2000" /> The 2021 [[American Community Survey]] by the [[United States Census Bureau]], found that – of those over the age of five residing in Queens – 54.53% spoke a language other than English in the home. The following tables shows the 15 most common non-English languages in Queens, with the most prominent being [[Spanish language in the United States|Spanish]], [[Chinese language in the United States|Chinese]], and [[Bengali American|Bengali]].

{{refbegin}}
{{Scrolling table/top
 |-style="font-size: 87%;"
 |first={{space|4}}
 |<!--{{line-height|6.4|Language}}-->Language
 |Ages 5+
 |%
 |Source →
}}
{{Scrolling table/mid}}
! 1 !! !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 11 !! 12 !! 13 !! 14 !! 15 !! 16 
|-
! [[American English|English]] !! All|[[Languages of the United States|non-English]] !! [[Spanish language in the United States|Spanish]]!! [[Chinese language in the United States|Chinese]]!! [[Bengali American|Bengali]]!! [[Korean American|Korean]]!! [[Tagalog language in the United States|Tagalog]]!! [[Russian language in the United States|Russian]]!! [[Haitian American|Haitian]] !! [[Polish language in the United States|Polish]]!! [[Italian language in the United States|Italian]]!! [[Greek language in the United States|Greek]]!! [[Arabic language in the United States|Arabic]]!! [[Punjabi American|Punjabi]] !! Urdu !! Hindi !! [[French language in the United States|French]]
|-style="text-align:right"
| 1,000,116||'''1,199,561'''|| 516,251|| 205,371|| 84,349|| 41,420|| 30,427|| 28,013|| 24,928|| 22,342|| 21,273|| 19,749|| 16,269|| 16,139|| 15,769|| 13,176|| 12,384
|-style="text-align:right"
| {{Percentage|1,000,116|2,199,677|2}}||'''{{Percentage|1,199,561|2,199,677|2}}'''|| {{Percentage|516,251|2,199,677|2}}|| {{Percentage|205,371|2,199,677|2}}|| {{Percentage|84,349|2,199,677|2}}|| {{Percentage|41,420|2,199,677|2}}|| {{Percentage|30,427|2,199,677|2}}|| {{Percentage|28,013|2,199,677|2}}|| {{Percentage|24,928|2,199,677|2}}|| {{Percentage|22,342|2,199,677|2}}|| {{Percentage|21,273|2,199,677|2}}|| {{Percentage|19,749|2,199,677|2}}|| {{Percentage|16,269|2,199,677|2}}|| {{Percentage|16,139|2,199,677|2}}|| {{Percentage|15,769|2,199,677|2}}|| {{Percentage|13,176|2,199,677|2}}|| {{Percentage|12,384|2,199,677|2}}
|-
|colspan=31 |{{cite web |ref={{SfnRef|ACS Language Data,|2023}} |date=2010 |title=''2021 American Community Survey: LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME"'' |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=punjabi&g=050XX00US36081&tid=ACSDT1Y2021.B16001&moe=false|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=July 23, 2023}}
{{Scrolling table/end}}
{{refend}}

===Religion===
[[File:Unisphere Fountains - The Rocket Thrower 01.jpg|thumb|upright=1|''[[Rocket Thrower]]'' (1963) at [[Flushing Meadows–Corona Park]]]]
In 2010 statistics, the largest religious group in Queens was the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn|Diocese of Brooklyn]], with 677,520 [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholics]] worshiping at 100 parishes, followed by an estimated 81,456 [[Islam in the United States|Muslims]] with 57 congregations, 80,000 [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]] Jews with 110 congregations, 33,325 [[Nondenominational Christianity|non-denominational Christian]] adherents with 129 congregations, 28,085 [[African Methodist Episcopal Church|AME]] Methodists with 14 congregations, 24,250 [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Greek Orthodox]] with 6 congregations, 16,775 [[Hinduism in the United States|Hindus]] with 18 congregations, 13,989 [[Assemblies of God|AoG]] Pentecostals with 64 congregations, 13,507 [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventists]] with 45 congregations, and 12,957 [[Mahayana]] Buddhists with 26 congregations. Altogether, 49.4% of the population was claimed as members by religious congregations, although members of historically African American denominations were underrepresented due to incomplete information.<ref name="Religion-stats 2010" /> In 2014, Queens had 738 religious organizations, the thirteenth most out of all U.S. counties.<ref name="Penn-State 2014" />