Editing Ramesses V (section)

====Smallpox====
One theory is that he may have suffered and subsequently died from [[smallpox]] (VARV), due to lesions found on his face. If true, he is thought to be one of the earliest known victims of the disease.<ref>[[Erik Hornung|Hornung, Erik]]; "The Pharaoh" [https://books.google.com/books?id=c2xMevXgotsC&dq=death+%22Ramesses+V%22+smallpox&pg=PA292 p. 292]. in ''The Egyptians'' (ed.) [[Sergio Donadoni]] and Robert Bianchi, University of Chicago Press, 1997.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Hopkins|first=Donald R.|author-link=Donald Hopkins|url=https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/202495/WH_1980_May_p22-26_eng.pdf|title=Ramses V: earliest know victim?|journal=World Health|pages=22–26|date=May 1980}}</ref>

{{Overly detailed|section|date=May 2020}}
While a 2016 discovery has found that the shared ancestral form of modern smallpox dates back to 1580 AD, this study merely indicates that the strains of smallpox circulating at the time of smallpox eradication had a common ancestor in the late 16th century, specifically that "the VARV lineages eradicated during the 20th century had only been in existence for ~200 years, at a time of rapidly expanding human movement and population size in the face of increasingly widespread inoculation and vaccination." Indeed, they say merely about ancient cases of smallpox that "if they were indeed due to smallpox, these early cases were caused by virus lineages that were no longer circulating at the point of eradication in the 1970s."<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duggan|first1=Ana T.|last2=Perdomo|first2=Maria F.|last3=Piombino-Mascali|first3=Dario|last4=Marciniak|first4=Stephanie|last5=Poinar|first5=Debi|last6=Emery|first6=Matthew V.|last7=Buchmann|first7=Jan P.|last8=Duchêne|first8=Sebastian|last9=Jankauskas|first9=Rimantas|last10=Humphreys|first10=Margaret|last11=Golding|first11=G. Brian|last12=Southon|first12=John|last13=Devault|first13=Alison|last14=Rouillard|first14=Jean-Marie|last15=Sahl|first15=Jason W.|last16=Dutour|first16=Olivier|last17=Hedman|first17=Klaus|last18=Sajantila|first18=Antti|last19=Smith|first19=Geoffrey L.|last20=Holmes|first20=Edward C.|last21=Poinar|first21=Hendrik N.|title=17th Century Variola Virus Reveals the Recent History of Smallpox|journal=Current Biology|date=19 December 2016|volume=26|issue=24|pages=3407–3412|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.061|pmid=27939314|pmc=5196022}}</ref> The advent of vaccination, or variolation in China and Japan during the middle ages, could have altered the relative presence of smallpox strains and diminished the presence of ancient strains.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://biotech.law.lsu.edu/blaw/bt/smallpox/who/red-book/Chp%2006.pdf|title=Early Efforts at Control: Variolation, Vaccination, and Isolation and Quarantine|orig-year=2004|year=2006|chapter=6|page=245-275}}</ref>

A 2015 review summarizing recent research into the question of smallpox evolution and divergence from its common ancestors suggests it is most likely that smallpox evolved 3000–4000 years ago in East Africa or India, which is not inherently contradicted by the study described<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Babkin|first1=Igor|last2=Babkina|first2=Irina|title=The Origin of the Variola Virus|journal=Viruses|date=10 March 2015|volume=7|issue=3|pages=1100–1112|doi=10.3390/v7031100|pmid=25763864|pmc=4379562|doi-access=free}}</ref> the latter of which contains descriptions of smallpox from before the first century AD at least. Finally, another genomic analysis places the evolution of smallpox at 16,000 years before present, and mentions Ramses V: "if the pustular eruption of Ramses V was from smallpox, it could represent a smallpox outbreak from imported cases... rather than regional endemic disease. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that only three mummies in that period had similar lesions."<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Y.|last2=Carroll|first2=D. S.|last3=Gardner|first3=S. N.|last4=Walsh|first4=M. C.|last5=Vitalis|first5=E. A.|last6=Damon|first6=I. K.|title=On the origin of smallpox: Correlating variola phylogenics with historical smallpox records|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=27 September 2007|volume=104|issue=40|pages=15787–15792|doi=10.1073/pnas.0609268104|pmid=17901212|pmc=2000395|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>Forni et al., Microbial Genomics 2023;9:000932 {{doi|10.1099/mgen.0.000932}}.</ref>