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Randomized controlled trial
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=== By outcome of interest (efficacy vs. effectiveness) === {{Main|Pragmatic clinical trial}} RCTs can be classified as "explanatory" or "pragmatic."<ref name="Zwarenstein-2008">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Zwarenstein M, Treweek S, Gagnier JJ, Altman DG, Tunis S, Haynes B, Oxman AD, Moher D |date=November 2008 |title=Improving the reporting of pragmatic trials: an extension of the CONSORT statement |journal=BMJ |volume=337 |pages=a2390 |doi=10.1136/bmj.a2390 |pmc=3266844 |pmid=19001484}}</ref> Explanatory RCTs test [[Efficacy#Medicine|efficacy]] in a research setting with highly selected participants and under highly controlled conditions.<ref name="Zwarenstein-2008" /> In contrast, pragmatic RCTs (pRCTs) test [[Effectiveness#Usage|effectiveness]] in everyday practice with relatively unselected participants and under flexible conditions; in this way, pragmatic RCTs can "inform decisions about practice."<ref name="Zwarenstein-2008" />
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