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Red Cloud
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==Legacy and honors== [[File:Red Cloud bust.jpg|thumb|left|Bust of Red Cloud created by [[Jim Brothers]] in 2001 for the [[Nebraska Hall of Fame]].]] Announcements of Red Cloud's death and recognition of his achievements were printed in major newspapers across the country. As had been typical of the U.S. perception during Red Cloud's prominence in war, ''The New York Times'' article on his death mistakenly described him as leader of all the Sioux bands and tribes but noted his abilities as a leader and diplomat. This misconception was echoed by early white historians such as [[Grace Raymond Hebard]] and [[Earl Alonzo Brininstool]], who judged "Red Napoleon of the Plains" a "most fitting title" for Red Cloud.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hebard |first1=Grace Raymond |last2=Brininstool |first2=E. A. |title=The Bozeman Trail: Historical Accounts of the Blazing of the Overland Routes Into the Northwest, and the Fights with Red Cloud's Warriors |date=1922 |publisher=The Arthur A. Clark Company |location=Cleveland, Ohio |page=175}}</ref> While he was a prominent leader, the Lakota were highly decentralized and never had one overall leader, especially in the major divisions, such as Oglala and Brulé.<ref>{{cite news|title=Red Cloud, Sioux Chief, Dead; Old Indian Warrior Caused The Massacre Of Fort Phil Kearney.|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9802E0DD1239E733A25752C1A9649D946897D6CF | work= The New York Times|date=December 11, 1909|access-date=May 29, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Red Cloud Gone to Final Rest|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/712158952.html?dids=712158952:712158952&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Dec+11%2C+1909&author=&pub=Boston+Daily+Globe&desc=RED+CLOUD+GONE+TO+FINAL+REST&pqatl=google|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214032935/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/712158952.html?dids=712158952:712158952&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Dec+11%2C+1909&author=&pub=Boston+Daily+Globe&desc=RED+CLOUD+GONE+TO+FINAL+REST&pqatl=google|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 14, 2009|quote=Famous Sioux Chief Lived to be 89. Rated as the Wiliest Enemy of Whites in Modern Times. Cornered in 1869, Friendly, as a Rule, Ever Since. Red Cloud, the famous old Sioux Indian chief, is dead, according to Supt Brennan of the Pine Ridge Indian agency, who is in Washington, attending the meeting of those interested in the education of the ...| work= [[Boston Globe]] |date=December 11, 1909|access-date=May 29, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Red Cloud Dead|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/766170782.html?dids=766170782:766170782&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Dec+11%2C+1909&author=&pub=The+Hartford+Courant&desc=RED+CLOUD+DEAD&pqatl=google|quote=Famous Sioux Indian Chief Was 86 Years Old. Red Cloud the famous old Sioux Indian chief is dead. This information was received today by Superintendent Brennan of the Pine Ridge Indian agency, who is in Washington attending the meeting of those interested in the education of the Indian.|work=[[Hartford Courant]]|date=December 11, 1909|access-date=May 29, 2008|archive-date=October 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025034610/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/766170782.html?dids=766170782:766170782&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Dec+11,+1909&author=&pub=The+Hartford+Courant&desc=RED+CLOUD+DEAD&pqatl=google|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1871, the town of [[Red Cloud, Nebraska|Red Cloud]] was named in his honor. Red Cloud was the most photographed American Indian of the nineteenth century.<ref name=broache>{{cite news| last= Broache| first= Anne| title= Chief Lobbyist| work= [[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]| date= June 2005| pages= 21–22}}</ref> There are 128 known photographs picturing Red Cloud.<ref name=broache/> He was first photographed in 1872 in Washington D.C. by [[Mathew Brady]], just before meeting with President Grant. He was also among the Indians photographed by [[Edward S. Curtis]]. He has been honored by the [[United States Postal Service]] with a 10¢ [[Great Americans series]] [[postage stamp]]. In 2000, he was [[posthumous recognition|posthumously]] inducted into the [[Nebraska Hall of Fame]]. A parochial school on the [[Pine Ridge Reservation]] was established at the request of Red Cloud. The [[Red Cloud Indian School]] remains in use over a century later. In 2023, the school elected to rebrand to the [[Lakota language|Lakota]] language translation of Red Cloud’s name - ‘Maȟpíya Lúta’<ref>{{Cite web |author=C.J. Keene |date=July 25, 2023 |title=Red Cloud School renames to Lakota-language 'Maȟpíya Lúta' |url=https://listen.sdpb.org/education/2023-07-25/red-cloud-school-renames-to-lakota-language-mahpiya-luta |access-date=July 25, 2023 |website=SDPB |language=en}}</ref> [[Theodore Sorensen]] wrote in ''Kennedy'' that President [[John F. Kennedy]] considered naming one of the [[41 for Freedom]] [[ballistic missile submarine]]s after Red Cloud but bowed to [[U.S. Department of Defense|Pentagon]] concerns that the name could be misinterpreted as being pro-[[Communism|Communist]] even though Red Cloud was not a Communist, owing to the symbolism of the time (early 1960s, during the [[Cold War]] era) [[Political colour#Red|using the color red to represent Communism]].{{citation needed|date=November 2021}} {{clearleft}}
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