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Reforms of Russian orthography
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===Simplification=== The reform reduced the number of orthographic rules having no support in pronunciation—for example, the difference of the genders in the plural and the need to learn a long list of words which were written with yats (the composition of said list was controversial among linguists, and different spelling guides contradicted one another). The reform resulted in some economy in writing and [[typesetting]], due to the exclusion of {{lang|ru-petr1708|Ъ}} at the end of words—by the reckoning of [[Lev Uspensky]], text in the new orthography was shorter by one-thirtieth.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Uspensky |first1=Lev V. |author-link=Lev Uspensky |script-title=ru:Слово о словах |trans-title=A Word on Words |location=Moscow |publisher=Ripol Klassik |year=1962 }}</ref> The reform removed pairs of completely [[homophonous]] [[graphemes]] from the Russian alphabet (i.e., {{lang|ru-petr1708|Ѣ}} and {{lang|ru-luna1918|Е}}; {{lang|ru-petr1708|Ѳ}} and {{lang|ru-petr1708|Ф}}; and the trio of {{lang|ru-petr1708|И}}, {{lang|ru-petr1708|І}} and {{lang|ru-petr1708|Ѵ}}), bringing the alphabet closer to [[Russian phonology|the Russian language's actual phonological system]].<ref name="auto"/>
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