Editing Regnal name (section)

==== Sinosphere ====
{{Further|Temple name|Posthumous name|Chinese era name|Korean era name|Vietnamese era name|Japanese era name}}

Monarchies of the [[Sinosphere|Chinese cultural sphere]] practiced [[naming taboo]], wherein the personal names of the rulers were to be avoided.

Monarchs could adopt or be honored with regnal names ({{lang|zh-Hant|尊號}}; {{Transliteration|zh|zūn hào}}) during their reign or after they had abdicated.

Since the [[Shang dynasty]], [[Chinese sovereign]]s could be honored with temple names ({{lang|zh-Hant|廟號}}; {{Transliteration|zh|miào hào}}) after their death, for the purpose of [[Ancestor veneration in China|ancestor worship]]. Temple names consisted of two or three Chinese characters, with the last word being either {{Transliteration|zh|zǔ}} ({{lang|zh-Hant|祖}}; "progenitor") or {{Transliteration|zh|zōng}} ({{lang|zh-Hant|宗}}; "ancestor"). Since the [[Zhou dynasty]], Chinese monarchs were frequently accorded posthumous names ({{lang|zh-Hant|謚號}}; {{Transliteration|zh|shì hào}}) after their death. Posthumous names were adjectives originally intended to determine the achievements and moral values, or the lack thereof, of one's life. Since both titles were accorded only after one's death, they were not effectively regnal names. As a result of Chinese cultural and political influence, temple names and posthumous names were adopted by monarchs of Korea and Vietnam, whereas monarchs of Japan adopted only posthumous names.

Since 140 BC, during the reign of the [[Emperor Wu of Han]], Chinese sovereigns often proclaimed era names ({{lang|zh-Hant|年號}}; {{Transliteration|zh|nián hào}}) for the purpose of identifying and numbering years.<ref name="EraName1">{{cite book|last1=Lü|first1=Zongli|title=Power of the words: Chen prophecy in Chinese politics, AD 265–618|year=2003|publisher=Peter Lang |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvYvAQAAIAAJ&q=era+name+nian+hao+origin|isbn=978-3906769561|access-date=2021-06-29|archive-date=2024-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322075218/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvYvAQAAIAAJ&q=era+name+nian+hao+origin|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="EraName2">{{cite book|last1=Sogner|first1=Sølvi|title=Making Sense of Global History: The 19th International Congress of the Historical Sciences, Oslo 2000, Commemorative Volume|year=2001|publisher=Universitetsforlaget |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7nsWAQAAIAAJ&q=era+name+china+Korea+Japan+vietnam+making+sense+of+global+history|isbn=978-8215001067|access-date=2021-06-29|archive-date=2024-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322075049/https://books.google.com/books?id=7nsWAQAAIAAJ&q=era+name+china+Korea+Japan+vietnam+making+sense+of+global+history|url-status=live}}</ref> Prior to the [[Ming dynasty]], it was common for Chinese monarchs to proclaim more than one era name during a single reign, or that a single era name could span the reigns of several rulers. Monarchs of the Ming and [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] dynasties, however, often adopted only one era name throughout their reign.<ref name="EraName3">{{cite book|year=2005|title=中國學術|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dp4ZAQAAMAAJ&q=%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%96+%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E4%B8%80%E5%85%83|volume=6|issue=4|publisher=商务印书馆 |isbn=978-7100051965|access-date=29 December 2019|archive-date=22 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322075300/https://books.google.com/books?id=Dp4ZAQAAMAAJ&q=%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%96+%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E4%B8%80%E5%85%83|url-status=live}}</ref> Thus, Chinese sovereigns of the Ming and Qing dynasties came to be highly associated with the corresponding era name of their reign and are commonly known by their respective era name with few exceptions, although era names were not effectively regnal names. The era name system was also adopted by rulers of Korea, Vietnam and Japan, with Japan still using the system to this day.<ref name="EraName2"/><ref name="EraName4">{{cite book|year=2000|title=International Congress of Historical Sciences|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ervAAAAMAAJ&q=era+name+china+Korea+Japan+vietnam|volume=19|isbn=978-8299561419|access-date=29 December 2019|archive-date=22 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322075050/https://books.google.com/books?id=0ervAAAAMAAJ&q=era+name+china+Korea+Japan+vietnam|url-status=live |last1=Jølstad |first1=Anders |last2=Lunde |first2=Marianne |publisher=University of Oslo }}</ref><ref name="EraName5">{{cite web|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Japan-s-Reiwa-era/Ancient-tradition-carries-forward-with-Japan-s-new-era|title=Ancient tradition carries forward with Japan's new era|access-date=29 December 2019|archive-date=17 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817065323/https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Japan-s-Reiwa-era/Ancient-tradition-carries-forward-with-Japan-s-new-era|url-status=live}}</ref>

The following table provides examples from China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam to illustrate the differences between monarchical titles in the Sinosphere. '''Bold''' characters represent the most common way to refer to the monarchs.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Realm
!Dynasty
!Personal name
!Regnal name
!Era name
!Temple name
!Posthumous name
|-
|rowspan=5|China
|[[Han dynasty#Eastern Han|Eastern Han dynasty]]
|[[Emperor Zhang of Han|Liu Da]]<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|劉炟}}
|''None''
|Jianchu<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|建初}}<hr/>Yuanhe<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|元和}}<hr/>Zhanghe<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|章和}}
|Suzong<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|肅宗}}
|'''Emperor''' Xiao'''zhang'''<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|孝'''章皇帝'''}}
|-
|[[Tang dynasty]]
|[[Emperor Xuanzong of Tang|Li Longji]]<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|李隆基}}
|Emperor Kaiyuan Shengwen Shenwu<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|開元聖文神武皇帝}}
|Xiantian<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|先天}}<hr/>Kaiyuan<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|開元}}<hr/>Tianbao<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|天寶}}
|'''Xuanzong'''<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|'''玄宗'''}}
|Emperor Zhidao Dasheng Daming Xiao<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|至道大聖大明孝皇帝}}
|-
|[[Liao dynasty]]
|[[Emperor Taizong of Liao|Yelü Deguang]]<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|耶律德光}}
|Emperor Sisheng<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|嗣聖皇帝}}
|Tianxian<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|天顯}}<hr/>Huitong<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|會同}}<hr/>Datong<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|大同}}
|'''Taizong'''<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|'''太宗'''}}
|Emperor Xiaowu Huiwen<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|孝武惠文皇帝}}
|-
|[[Northern Han|Northern Han dynasty]]
|[[Liu Jiyuan]]<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|劉繼元}}
|'''Emperor Yingwu'''<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|'''英武皇帝'''}}
|Tianhui<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|天會}}<hr/>Guangyun<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|廣運}}
|''None''
|''None''
|-
|[[Qing dynasty]]
|[[Kangxi Emperor|Aisin Gioro Xuanye]]<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|愛新覺羅·玄燁}}
|''None''
|'''Kangxi'''<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|'''康熙'''}}
|Shengzu<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|聖祖}}
|Emperor Hetian Hongyun Wenwu Ruizhe Gongjian Kuanyu Xiaojing Chengxin Zhonghe Gongde Dacheng Ren<br/>{{lang|zh-Hant|合天弘運文武睿哲恭儉寬裕孝敬誠信中和功德大成仁皇帝}}
|-
|rowspan=2|Japan
|rowspan=2|[[Imperial House of Japan|Imperial dynasty]]
|[[Emperor Shōmu|Obito]]<br/>{{lang|ja|首}}
|''None''
|[[Jinki (era)|Jinki]]<br/>{{lang|ja|神亀}}<hr/>[[Tenpyō]]<br/>{{lang|ja|天平}}<hr/>[[Tenpyō-kanpō]]<br/>{{lang|ja|天平感宝}}
|''None''
|'''Emperor Shōmu'''<br/>{{lang|ja|'''聖武天皇'''}}
|-
|[[Emperor Kōmei|Osahito]]<br/>{{lang|ja|統仁}}
|''None''
|[[Kaei]]<br/>{{lang|ja|嘉永}}<hr/>[[Ansei]]<br/>{{lang|ja|安政}}<hr/>[[Man'en]]<br/>{{lang|ja|万延}}<hr/>[[Bunkyū]]<br/>{{lang|ja|文久}}<hr/>[[Genji (era)|Genji]]<br/>{{lang|ja|元治}}<hr/>[[Keiō]]<br/>{{lang|ja|慶応}}
|''None''
|'''Emperor Kōmei'''<br/>{{lang|ja|'''孝明天皇'''}}
|-
|rowspan=2|Korea
|[[Goryeo|Goryeo dynasty]]
|[[Seonjong of Goryeo|Wang Un]]<br/>{{lang|ko|王運}}<br/>{{lang|ko|왕운}}
|''None''
|''None''{{efn|name="Goryeo"|As the Korean [[Goryeo|Goryeo dynasty]] was a tributary state of the [[Khitan people|Khitan]]-led Chinese [[Liao dynasty]], the former did not have independent era names of its own. Instead, the Goryeo dynasty officially used the era names of the Liao dynasty.}}
|'''Seonjong'''<br/>{{lang|ko|'''宣宗'''}}<br/>{{lang|ko|'''선종'''}}
|King Gwanin Hyeonsun Anseong Sahyo<br/>{{lang|ko|寬仁顯順安成思孝大王}}<br/>{{lang|ko|관인현순안성사효대왕}}
|-
|[[Joseon|Joseon dynasty]]
|[[Sejo of Joseon|Yi Yu]]<br/>{{lang|ko|李瑈}}<br/>{{lang|ko|이유}}
|''None''
|''None''{{efn|name="Joseon"|As the Korean [[Joseon|Joseon dynasty]] was a tributary state of the Chinese [[Ming dynasty]], the former did not have independent era names of its own. Instead, the Joseon dynasty officially used the era names of the Ming dynasty.}}
|'''Sejo'''<br/>{{lang|ko|'''世祖'''}}<br/>{{lang|ko|'''세조'''}}
|King Hyejang Sungcheon Chedo Yeolmun Yeongmu Jideok Yunggong Seongsin Myeongye Heumsuk Inhyo<br/>{{lang|ko|惠莊承天體道烈文英武至德隆功聖神明睿欽肅仁孝大王}}<br/>{{lang|ko|혜장승천체도열문영무지덕융공성신명예흠숙인효대왕}}
|-
|rowspan=2|Vietnam
|[[Revival Lê dynasty]]
|[[Lê Thần Tông|Lê Duy Kỳ]]<br/>{{vi-nom|黎維祺}}<br/>{{lang|vi|Lê Duy Kỳ}}
|''None''
|Vĩnh Tộ<br/>{{vi-nom|永祚}}<br/>{{lang|vi|Vĩnh Tộ}}<hr/>Đức Long<br/>{{vi-nom|德隆}}<br/>{{lang|vi|Đức Long}}<hr/>Dương Hòa<br/>{{vi-nom|陽和}}<br/>{{lang|vi|Dương Hòa}}<hr/>Khánh Đức<br/>{{vi-nom|慶德}}<br/>{{lang|vi|Khánh Đức}}<hr/>Thịnh Đức<br/>{{vi-nom|盛德}}<br/>{{lang|vi|Thịnh Đức}}<hr/>Vĩnh Thọ<br/>{{vi-nom|永壽}}<br/>{{lang|vi|Vĩnh Thọ}}<hr/>Vạn Khánh<br/>{{vi-nom|萬慶}}<br/>{{lang|vi|Vạn Khánh}}
|'''Thần Tông'''<br/>{{vi-nom|'''神宗'''}}<br/>{{lang|vi|'''Thần Tông'''}}
|Emperor Uyên<br/>{{vi-nom|淵皇帝}}<br/>{{lang|vi|Uyên Hoàng đế}}
|-
|[[Nguyễn dynasty]]
|[[Thiệu Trị|Nguyễn Phúc Tuyền]]<br/>{{vi-nom|阮福暶}}<br/>{{lang|vi|Nguyễn Phúc Tuyền}}
|''None''
|'''Thiệu Trị'''<br/>{{vi-nom|'''紹治'''}}<br/>{{lang|vi|'''Thiệu Trị'''}}
|Hiến Tổ<br/>{{vi-nom|憲祖}}<br/>{{lang|vi|Hiến Tổ}}
|Emperor Thiệu thiên Long vận Chí thiện Thuần hiếu Khoan minh Duệ đoán Văn trị Vũ công Thánh triết Chương<br/>{{vi-nom|紹天隆運至善純孝寬明睿斷文治武功聖哲章皇帝}}<br/>{{lang|vi|Thiệu thiên Long vận Chí thiện Thuần hiếu Khoan minh Duệ đoán Văn trị Vũ công Thánh triết Chương Hoàng đế}}
|}