Editing Religious conversion (section)

===Islam===
{{Main|Conversion to Islam|Dawah|Islamic missionary activity}}
{{Further|Al-Baqara 256|Conversion to Islam in prisons|List of converts to Islam}}

Converting to [[Islam]] requires one to declare the ''[[Shahada|shahādah]]'', the Muslim profession of faith ("there is no god but [[God in Islam|God]]; [[Muhammad]] is the [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|messenger]] of God").<ref name="Bennett 2015">{{cite book |editor-last=Bennett |editor-first=Clinton |editor-link=Clinton Bennett |year=2015 |orig-date=2013 |chapter=Glossary |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pHweBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA330 |title=The Bloomsbury Companion to Islamic Studies |location=[[New York City|New York]] and [[London]] |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Academic]] |edition=1st |pages=330 |isbn=9781441138125 |oclc=777652885 |quote=''[[Aqidah]]'' – translates as "creed". Technically, the ''[[Shahadah]]'' ([[Five pillars of Islam|first pillar]]) is the only obligatory statement of [[Iman (Islam)|faith in Islam]]; however, over time a list of six items evolved, the essentials of faith (''Iman Mufassal''), namely: belief in God, in God's angels, scriptures, messengers, day of judgment, and God's power.}}</ref> According to [[Clinton Bennett]], British–American scholar of [[Religious studies]], one's declaration of the Muslim profession of faith does not imply faith in God alone, since the conversion to Islam includes other distinct Islamic beliefs as well as part of the [[Aqidah|Muslim creed]] (''ʿaqīdah''):<ref name="Bennett 2015"/>
{{Blockquote|Technically, the ''[[Shahadah]]'' ([[Five pillars of Islam|first pillar]]) is the only obligatory statement of [[Iman (Islam)|faith in Islam]]; however, over time a list of six items evolved, the essentials of faith (''Iman Mufassal''), namely: belief in God, in God's angels, scriptures, messengers, day of judgment, and God's power.<ref name="Bennett 2015"/>}}

In the Islamic religion, it is believed that [[Fitra|everyone is Muslim at birth]].<ref name="Reeves 2004">{{cite book |author-last=Kueny |author-first=Kathryn |editor-last=Reeves |editor-first=John C. |date=2004 |chapter=Abraham's Test: Islamic Male Circumcision as Anti/Ante-Covenantal Practice |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WNId86Eu4TEC&pg=PA161 |title=Bible and Qurʼān: Essays in Scriptural Intertextuality |location=[[Leiden]] and [[Boston]] |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |pages=161–173 |series=[[Society of Biblical Literature|Symposium Series (Society of Biblical Literature)]] |volume=24 |isbn=90-04-12726-7 |issn=1569-3627}}</ref> Due to this, those who convert are typically referred to as reverts. In Islam, the practice of [[Khitan (circumcision)|religious circumcision]] is considered a ''[[sunnah]]'' custom, not a requirement for conversion, and furthermore it is never mentioned in the [[Quran]].<ref name="Reeves 2004"/><ref name="EncyclopediaofIslam">{{cite encyclopedia |author-last=Wensinck |author-first=A. J. |year=2012 |orig-date=1986 |title=K̲h̲itān |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cJQ3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA20 |editor1-last=Bosworth |editor1-first=C. E. |editor1-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor2-last=van Donzel |editor2-first=E. J. |editor2-link=Emeri Johannes van Donzel |editor3-last=Lewis |editor3-first=B. |editor4-last=Heinrichs |editor4-first=W. P. |editor4-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |editor5-last=Pellat |editor5-first=Ch. |editor5-link=Charles Pellat |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam#2nd edition, EI2|Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition]] |location=[[Leiden]] and [[Boston]] |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |volume=5 |pages=20–22 |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_4296 |isbn=978-90-04-07819-2|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Aldeeb 1995">{{cite journal |author-last=Aldeeb Abu-Sahlieh |author-first=Sami A. |author-link=Sami Aldeeb |date=1994 |title=To Mutilate in the Name of Jehovah or Allah: Legitimization of Male and Female Circumcision |journal=Medicine and Law |volume=13 |issue=7–8 |pages=575–622 |publisher=[[World Association for Medical Law]] |pmid=7731348}}; {{cite journal |author-last=Aldeeb Abu-Sahlieh |author-first=Sami A. |date=1995 |url=https://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1036&context=twls |title=Islamic Law and the Issue of Male and Female Circumcision |journal=Third World Legal Studies |volume=13 |pages=73–101 |publisher=[[Valparaiso University School of Law]] |access-date=13 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112162823/https://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1036&context=twls |archive-date=12 November 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The majority of [[Ulama|clerical opinions]] holds that circumcision is not required upon entering the Muslim faith.<ref name="Reeves 2004"/><ref name="EncyclopediaofIslam"/><ref name="Aldeeb 1995"/> In the [[Sunni Islam|Sunnī]] [[Islamic schools and branches#Sunnī Islam|branch of Islam]], the [[Shafiʽi school|Shāfiʿī]] and [[Hanbali|Ḥanbalī]] schools regard both male and [[female circumcision]] as legally obligatory for Muslims, while the [[Maliki|Mālikī]] and [[Hanafi|Ḥanafī]] schools regard it as non-binding and only recommended for both sexes.<ref name="Reeves 2004"/><ref name="EncyclopediaofIslam"/><ref name="Aldeeb 1995"/>