Editing Religious segregation (section)

==Myanmar==
{{main|2012 Rakhine State riots}}

The 2012 Rakhine State riots are a series of ongoing conflicts between Rohingya Muslims and ethnic Rakhine in northern [[Rakhine State]], [[Myanmar]]. The riots broke out after weeks of sectarian disputes and they have been condemned by most people on both sides of the conflict.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-violence-idUSBRE85714E20120608 | title=Four killed as Rohingya Muslims riot in Myanmar: government | work=Reuters | date=8 June 2012 | access-date=9 June 2012}}</ref>
The immediate cause of the riots is unclear, with many commentators citing the killing of ten Burmese Muslims by ethnic Rakhine after the gang rape and murder of a Rakhine woman as the main cause.<ref name=PhilInquirer>{{cite news|last=Lauras|first=Didier|title=Myanmar stung by global censure over unrest|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/271174/myanmar-stung-by-global-censure-over-unrest|access-date=15 September 2012|newspaper=Agence France-Presse in the Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=15 September 2012}}</ref>

Whole villages have been "decimated".<ref name=PhilInquirer />  Over three hundred houses and a number of public buildings have been razed. According to Tun Khin, the President of the Burmese Rohingya Organisation UK (BROUK), as of 28 June 650 Rohingyas have been killed, 1,200 are missing, and more than 80,000 have been displaced.<ref name="dvb_hindstorm"/> According to the Myanmar authorities, the violence, between ethnic Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims, left 78 people dead, 87 injured, and thousands of homes destroyed. It also displaced more than 52,000 people.<ref name="UN News">{{cite news|title=UN refugee agency redeploys staff to address humanitarian needs in Myanmar|work=UN News|date=29 June 2012|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=42356|access-date=29 June 2012}}</ref>

The government has responded by imposing curfews and by deploying troops in the region. On 10 June 2012, a [[state of emergency]] was declared in Rakhine, allowing the military to participate in the administration of the region.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://burma.irrawaddy.org/archives/11901 | title=အေရးေပၚအေျခအေန ေၾကညာခ်က္ ႏုိင္ငံေရးသမားမ်ား ေထာက္ခံ | publisher=The Irrawaddy | date=11 June 2012 | access-date=11 June 2012 | author=Linn Htet}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | first = Fergal | last = Keane | author-link = Fergal Keane | title = Old tensions bubble in Burma | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-18402678 | publisher = BBC News | date = 11 June 2012 | access-date = 2012-06-11 }}</ref> The Burmese army and police have been accused of targeting Rohingya Muslims through mass arrests and arbitrary violence.<ref name="dvb_hindstorm">{{cite news|last=Hindstorm|first=Hanna|title=Burmese authorities targeting Rohingyas, UK parliament told|url=http://www.dvb.no/news/burmese-authorities-targeting-rohingyas-uk-parliament-told/22676|access-date=9 July 2012|date=28 June 2012|agency=[[Democratic Voice of Burma]]|archive-date=25 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925033559/http://www.dvb.no/news/burmese-authorities-targeting-rohingyas-uk-parliament-told/22676|url-status=dead}}</ref> A number of monks' organisations that played a vital role in Burma's struggle for democracy have taken measures to block any humanitarian assistance to the Rohingya community.<ref name="ti_hindstorm">{{cite news|last=Hindstorm|first=Hanna|title=Burma's monks call for Muslim community to be shunned|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/burmas-monks-call-for-muslim-community-to-be-shunned-7973317.html|access-date=25 July 2012|date=25 July 2012|work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref>
In July 2012, the Myanmar Government did not include the Rohingya minority group–-classified as [[Statelessness|stateless]] Bengali Muslims from Bangladesh. Myanmar immigration law was amended in 1982 declared 135 indigenous ethnic races of Myanmar without the Rohingya and therefore they are not granted the indigenous rights and only small part of the people can claim Myanmar citizenship per the law.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/article3703383.ece|title= Rohingyas are not citizens: Myanmar minister| date= 1 August 2012 |website=The Hindu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107231250/http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/article3703383.ece |archive-date= Jan 7, 2016 }}</ref>

According to [[Amnesty International]], the Muslim [[Rohingya people]] have continued to suffer from [[human rights]] violations under the Burmese [[Military dictatorship|junta]] since 1978, and many have fled to neighbouring [[Bangladesh]] as a result.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-18921960 |title=Muslims in Burma's Rakhine state 'abused' - Amnesty |date=20 July 2012 |website=BBC News |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107182338/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-18921960 |archive-date= Nov 7, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/news/myanmar-rohingya-abuses-show-human-rights-progress-backtracking-2012-07-19 |date=19 July 2012 |title=Myanmar: Abuses against Rohingya erode human rights progress |website=Amnesty International |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221095159/http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/myanmar-rohingya-abuses-show-human-rights-progress-backtracking-2012-07-19 |archive-date=2015-02-21 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Desperate plight of Burma's Rohingya people |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8605669.stm |date=4 June 2010 |website=BBC News |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031124434/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8605669.stm |archive-date= Oct 31, 2023 }}</ref>

As of 2005, the UNHCR ([[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]]) had been assisting with the repatriation of Rohingya from Bangladesh, but allegations of human rights abuses in the refugee camps have threatened this effort.<ref>{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.newagebd.com/2005/may/21/front.html#9
 |title       = UNHCR threatens to wind up Bangladesh operations
 |publisher   = New Age BDNEWS, Dhaka
 |date        = 2005-05-21
 |access-date  = 2007-04-25
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090425140346/http://www.newagebd.com/2005/may/21/front.html#9
 |archive-date = 2009-04-25
}}</ref>

Despite earlier efforts by the UN, the vast majority of Rohingya refugees have remained in Bangladesh, unable to return because of the regime in Myanmar. Now they face problems in Bangladesh where they do not receive support from the government.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7019882.stm |title=Burmese exiles in desperate conditions |author=Mark Dummett |date=29 September 2007 |website=BBC News |access-date=29 November 2016}}</ref> In February 2009, many Rohingya refugees were helped by [[Acehnese people|Acehnese]] [[sailor]]s in the [[Strait of Malacca]], after 21 days at sea.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://epaper.kompas.id/|title=ePaper Kompas|first=PT Kompas Media Nusantara|last=kompas@kompas.com|website=ePaper kompas.id}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=February 2019}}

Over the years thousands of Rohingya also have fled to Thailand. There are roughly 111,000 refugees housed in nine camps along the Thai-Myanmar border. There have been charges that groups of them have been shipped and towed out to open sea from Thailand, and left there. In February 2009, there was evidence of the Thai army towing a boatload of 190 Rohingya refugees out to sea. A group of refugees rescued by Indonesian authorities also in February 2009 told harrowing stories of being captured and beaten by the Thai military, and then abandoned at open sea. By the end of February, there were reports that of a group of five boats were towed out to open sea, of which four boats sank in a storm, and one washed up on the shore. On 12 February 2009, Thailand's prime minister [[Abhisit Vejjajiva]] said there were "some instances" in which Rohingya people were pushed out to sea.
<blockquote>"There are attempts, I think, to let these people drift to other shores. [...] when these practices do occur, it is done on the understanding that there is enough food and water supplied. [...] It's not clear whose work it is [...] but if I have the evidence who exactly did this I will bring them to account."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/02/12/thailand.refugees.admission/index.html |title = Thai PM admits boat people pushed out to sea - CNN.com}}</ref></blockquote>