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Repoussé and chasing
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===Pre-Columbian America=== Repoussage and chasing were used by many Pre-Columbian civilizations in the Americas, such as the [[Chavín culture]] of [[Peru]] (about 900 to 200 BC), to make ornaments of gold and other metals. During the [[Hopewell tradition|Hopewell]] and [[Mississippian culture|Mississippian]] periods of the American [[Southeastern United States|Southeast]] and [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]] goods of repoussé copper were fashioned as ritual regalia and eventually used in prestige burials.<ref>{{cite book | last = Power | first = Susan | title = Early Art of the Southeastern Indians-Feathered Serpents and Winged Beings | url = https://archive.org/details/earlyartofsouthe0000powe | url-access = registration | publisher = [[University of Georgia Press]] | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-8203-2501-5}}</ref> Examples have been found with many S.E.C.C. designs such as [[Southeastern Ceremonial Complex#Motifs|Bi-lobed arrow motif]] headdresses and [[Southeastern Ceremonial Complex#Birdman|falcon dancer]] plaques. Although examples have been found in a widely scattered area ([[Spiro Mounds|Spiro]], [[Oklahoma]], [[Etowah plates|Etowah]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], and [[Moundville Archaeological Site|Moundville]], [[Alabama]]), most are in what is known as the ''[[Southeastern Ceremonial Complex#Mississippian Ideological Interaction Sphere horizons|Braden Style]]'', thought to have originated at the [[Cahokia]] Site in [[Collinsville, Illinois]].<ref>{{cite book|editor1=F. Kent Reilly |editor2=James Garber | title = Ancient Objects and Sacred Realms |url=https://archive.org/details/ancientobjectssa0000unse |url-access=registration | publisher = [[University of Texas Press]] | year = 2004|isbn=978-0-292-71347-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Townsend | first = Richard F. | title = Hero, Hawk, and Open Hand | publisher = [[Yale University Press]] | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-300-10601-7}}</ref> Several copper workshops discovered during excavations of [[Mound 34]] at Cahokia are the only known Mississippian culture copper workshops.<ref name=PAWLACZYK>{{ citation| last= Pawlaczyk| first= George| author-link=George Pawlaczyk |url= http://sci.tech-archive.net/Archive/sci.archaeology/2010-02/msg00225.html|title=Copper men: Archaeologists uncover Stone Age copper workshop near Monk's Mound | date=Feb 16, 2010| access-date=2010-11-08 }}</ref><ref name=KELLY2009>{{cite tech report | url= http://cahokiamounds.org/explore/mound34_report2008.pdf | title= Summary of 2008 Field Excavations to Locate the Copper Workshop in the Mound 34 Area | author1= Kelly, John E. | author2 = Kelly, Lucretia S. | author3 = Brown, James | institution= Central Mississippi Valley Archaeological Research Institute | year=2009}}</ref>
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