Editing Reprisal (section)

===Post-1945===
After 1945, as a result of the general prohibition on use of force imposed by Article 2(4) of the [[United Nations Charter]], armed reprisals in time of peace are no longer legal, but the possibility remains of non-armed reprisals (also known as [[countermeasure]]s){{sfn|Brownlie|2008|p=466}} as well as belligerent reprisals during hostilities when the [[International humanitarian law|law of international armed conflict (LOIAC)]] is violated.{{sfn|Dinstein|2004|p=220}}

In the case of belligerent reprisals, apart from the three factors in the [[Naulila Incident|Naulila case]]:{{sfn|Dinstein|2004|p=220}}{{sfn|Bennett|2019|p=10}}
* a '''warning''' must also be issued beforehand;
* once the other party has stopped violation of LOIAC, belligerent reprisals must also be terminated;
* and the decision to engage in belligerent reprisals must be taken by a '''competent authority'''.

All four Geneva Conventions prohibit reprisals against, respectively, battlefield casualties, [[Shipwreck|shipwreck survivors]], [[Prisoner of war|prisoners of war]], and [[protected persons]] ([[civilian]] or [[military]]),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule146 |title=Customary IHL - Rule 146. Reprisals against Protected Persons |website=ihl-databases.icrc.org|access-date=2016-10-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/27-10/Ch8.htm |title=CHAPTER 8 - Remedies for Violation of International Law; War Crimes |website=ihl-databases.icrc.org |access-date=2016-10-10}}</ref> as well as certain buildings and property. The 1977 [[Protocol I|AP 1]] defines what is an "[[indiscriminate attack]]".{{sfn|Bennett|2019|p=19}}{{sfn|Hanke|1993|p=12}}