Editing Research (section)

=== Artistic research<!--'Artistic research' redirects here--> ===
'''Artistic research'''<!--boldface per WP:R#PLA-->, also seen as 'practice-based research', can take form when creative works are considered both the research and the object of research itself. It is the debatable body of thought which offers an alternative to purely scientific methods in research in its search for knowledge and truth.

The controversial trend of artistic teaching becoming more academics-oriented is leading to artistic research being accepted as the primary mode of enquiry in art as in the case of other disciplines.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lesage |first1=Dieter |date=Spring 2009 |title=Who's Afraid of Artistic Research? On measuring artistic research output |journal=Art & Research |volume=2 |issue=2 |url=http://www.artandresearch.org.uk/v2n2/pdfs/lesage.pdf |issn=1752-6388 |access-date=14 August 2011 |archive-date=5 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005085443/http://www.artandresearch.org.uk/v2n2/pdfs/lesage.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> One of the characteristics of artistic research is that it must accept [[subjectivity]] as opposed to the classical scientific methods. As such, it is similar to the [[social science]]s in using [[qualitative research]] and [[intersubjectivity]] as tools to apply measurement and critical analysis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1 = Eisner | first1 = E. W. |title = On the Differences between Scientific and Artistic Approaches to Qualitative Research |journal = Educational Researcher |volume = 10 |issue = 4 |pages = 5–9 |year = 1981| jstor = 1175121 }}</ref>

Artistic research has been defined by the [[School of Dance and Circus]] (Dans och Cirkushögskolan, DOCH), [[Stockholm]] in the following manner – "Artistic research is to investigate and test with the purpose of gaining knowledge within and for our artistic disciplines. It is based on artistic practices, methods, and criticality. Through presented documentation, the insights gained shall be placed in a context."<ref name="DOCH">{{cite web |url=http://www.doch.se/web/Artistic_Research.aspx |title=Artistic research at DOCH |author=Unattributed |website=Dans och Cirkushögskolan (website) |access-date=14 August 2011 |archive-date=5 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105125920/http://www.doch.se/web/Artistic_Research.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Artistic research aims to enhance knowledge and understanding with presentation of the arts.<ref>Schwab, M. (2009). "Draft Proposal". ''Journal for Artistic Research''. Bern University of the Arts.</ref> A simpler understanding by [[Julian Klein]] defines artistic research as any kind of research employing the artistic mode of perception.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jar-online.net/what-artistic-research/ |title=What is artistic research? |author=Julian Klein |date=2010 |access-date=15 June 2021 |archive-date=13 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513033206/https://jar-online.net/what-artistic-research |url-status=live }}</ref> For a survey of the central problematics of today's artistic research, see [[Giaco Schiesser]].<ref>Schiesser, G. (2015). What is at stake – Qu'est ce que l'enjeu? Paradoxes – Problematics – Perspectives in Artistic Research Today, in: Arts, Research, Innovation and Society. Eds. Gerald Bast, [[Elias G. Carayannis]] [= ARIS, Vol. 1]. Wien/New York: Springer. pp. 197–210.</ref>

According to artist [[Hakan Topal]], in artistic research, "perhaps more so than other disciplines, intuition is utilized as a method to identify a wide range of new and unexpected productive modalities".<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.newmuseum.org/blog/view/whose-terms-a-glossary-for-social-practice-research|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909042922/http://www.newmuseum.org/blog/view/whose-terms-a-glossary-for-social-practice-research| url-status=live|archive-date=2014-09-09|title=Whose Terms? A Glossary for Social Practice: Research|author=Topal, H. |date=2014|website=newmuseum.org}}</ref> Most writers, whether of fiction or non-fiction books, also have to do research to support their creative work. This may be factual, historical, or background research. Background research could include, for example, geographical or procedural research.<ref>Hoffman, A. (2003). ''Research for Writers'', pp. 4–5. London: A&C Black Publishers Limited.</ref>

The [[Society for Artistic Research]] (SAR) publishes the triannual ''Journal for Artistic Research'' (''JAR''),<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.swtr.ch/images/stories/pdf/en/kunstbericht_e.pdf| title = Swiss Science and Technology Research Council (2011), ''Research Funding in the Arts''}}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>[[Henk Borgdorff]] (2012), ''The Conflict of the Faculties. Perspectives on Artistic Research and Academia'' (Chapter 11: The Case of the Journal for Artistic Research), Leiden: Leiden University Press.</ref> an international, online, [[open access]], and [[peer-review]]ed [[Academic journal|journal]] for the identification, publication, and [[dissemination]] of artistic research and its methodologies, from all arts disciplines and it runs the ''Research Catalogue'' (RC),<ref>Schwab, Michael, and Borgdorff, Henk, eds. (2014), ''The Exposition of Artistic Research: Publishing Art in Academia'', Leiden: Leiden University Press.</ref><ref>Wilson, Nick and van Ruiten, Schelte / ELIA, eds. (2013), ''SHARE Handbook for Artistic Research Education'', Amsterdam: Valand Academy, p. 249.</ref><ref>Hughes, Rolf: "Leap into Another Kind: International Developments in Artistic Research", in Swedish Research Council, ed. (2013), ''Artistic Research Then and Now: 2004–2013, Yearbook of AR&D 2013'', Stockholm: Swedish Research Council.</ref> a searchable, documentary [[database]] of artistic research, to which anyone can contribute.

Patricia Leavy addresses eight arts-based research (ABR) genres: narrative inquiry, fiction-based research, poetry, music, dance, theatre, film, and visual art.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Methods Meets Art|last=Leavy|first=Patricia| publisher=Guilford|year=2015|isbn=978-1462519446|edition=2nd|location=New York}}</ref>

In 2016, the [[European League of Institutes of the Arts]] launched ''The Florence Principles' on the Doctorate in the Arts''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rahmat |first=Omarkhil |title=Florence principles, 2016 |url=http://www.elia-artschools.org/userfiles/File/customfiles/1-the-florence-principles20161124105336_20161202112511.pdf |access-date=23 December 2016 |archive-date=21 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221161920/http://www.elia-artschools.org/userfiles/File/customfiles/1-the-florence-principles20161124105336_20161202112511.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Florence Principles relating to the Salzburg Principles and the Salzburg Recommendations of the [[European University Association]] name seven points of attention to specify the Doctorate / PhD in the Arts compared to a scientific doctorate / PhD. The Florence Principles have been endorsed and are supported also by [[European Association of Conservatoires|AEC]], [[CILECT]], CUMULUS and [[Society for Artistic Research|SAR]].