Editing Resistance movement (section)

==Examples of resistance movements==
{{See also|List of revolutions and rebellions}}
The following examples are of groups that have been considered or would identify themselves as groups. These are mostly, but not exclusively, of armed resistance movements. For movements and phases of activity involving non-violent methods, see [[civil resistance]] and [[nonviolent resistance]].

===Pre–20th century===
[[File:En Vendée-1795 - Évariste Carpentier.jpg|thumb|The [[War in the Vendée|Vendeans revolted]] against the revolutionary government in France in 1793]]
[[File:Battle of Oulart Hill.jpg|thumb|[[Irish Rebellion of 1798]]]]
[[File:Battle scene from the Greek War of Independence.jpg|thumb|[[Greek War of Independence]], (1821–29), rebellion of Greeks within the [[Ottoman Empire]], a struggle which resulted in the establishment of an independent [[Greece]].]]
[[File:Apache_chieff_Geronimo_(right)_and_his_warriors_in_1886.jpg|thumb|[[Geronimo]] (right) alongside his fellow [[Apache]] warriors in 1886]]

* The [[Maccabees]] were first-century BC Jewish rebel warriors who fought against the occupying [[Seleucid Empire]] in [[Judea]], as described in the [[deuterocanonical]] [[Books of the Maccabees]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Maccabees - Jewish Resistance, Revolt, Dynasty {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Maccabees/Jewish-resistance |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
* The [[Sicarii]] were a first-century Jewish movement opposing Roman occupation of the Jewish [[Promised Land]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Perry|first=Simon|title=All Who Came Before|year=2011|publisher=Wipf and Stock|location=Eugene, Oregon|isbn=978-1-60899-659-9|url=http://www.allwhocamebefore.com|access-date=2022-01-02|archive-date=2019-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803164317/http://allwhocamebefore.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The [[Yellow Turban Rebellion|Yellow Turbans]] were peasant rebels against the [[Eastern Han dynasty]], led by [[Zhang Jue]], was crushed by the lack of co-ordination with other Yellow Turban groups as well as destabilization.
* The [[Abbasid Revolution]] overthrow of the [[Umayyad dynasty]] under [[Abu Muslim]], which was caused by [[discrimination]] against non-[[Arabs|Arab]] [[Muslims]] and government corruption.
* The [[Mamluks]] were [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] slaves who overthrew the [[Ayyubid dynasty]].
* In opposition to [[British rule in Ireland]] and the subsequent [[Plantations of Ireland]], the native [[Gaels|Gaelic]] population, at times with and against the [[Hiberno-Normans]] lords, launched the [[Bruce campaign in Ireland]] (1315-1318), the [[Desmond Rebellions]] (1569–1573 & 1579–1583), the [[Nine Years' War (Ireland)|Nine Years' War]], also known as Tyrone's Rebellion, (1593-1603), the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]] & the subsequent [[Irish Confederate Wars]] (1641-1653), the [[Williamite War in Ireland]] (1688–1691), the [[Irish Rebellion of 1798]], also known as the United Irishmen Rebellion, and [[Tithe War|the Tithe War]] (1831-1836).<ref>Bartlett, A Military History of Ireland</ref>
* The [[Jacobite risings]] were a series of rebellions, uprisings, and wars to reinstate the [[Stuart dynasty]].
* The [[Patriot (American Revolution)|American Continental forces]] of the [[American Revolutionary War]] were essentially a resistance movement against the British Empire.
** [[Francis Marion]] was an [[American Revolutionary War]] partisan who led a partisan guerrilla movement against Great Britain.
* [[Indigenous Australians]] in the [[History of Australia (1788–1850)|early history of Australia]]
** [[Pemulwuy]] – An [[indigenous Australian]] who resisted the [[History of Australia (1788–1850)|European colonization of Australia]]. In 1797, a state of [[guerrilla warfare]] existed [[Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars|between indigenous people and settler communities]] in [[Sydney]]. The Aboriginals were led by Pemulwuy, a member of the [[Bidjigal]] tribe who occupied the land.<ref name="ReferenceA">Willey, K., ''When the Sky Fell Down: The Destruction of the Tribes of the Sydney Region, 1788–1850s'', Collins, Sydney, 1979</ref> Pemulwuy was eventually shot and killed by [[Henry Hacking]] in 1802.<ref>Collins, D., ''An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales'', Vol. 1, Cadell and Davies, London, 1798.</ref>
** [[Jandamarra]] – The first Indigenous Australian to use firearms and conduct organized warfare in battle against settlers; leading a war against Euro-Australian settlers for three years, from 1894 to 1897. The resistance movement ended when Jandamarra was shot dead by an [[Aboriginal tracker]].
* Resistance movements against [[First French Empire|France]] also emerged during the [[Napoleonic Wars]]
** The 1808 invasion of Spain by Bonaparte sparked [[Guerrilla warfare in the Peninsular War|a resistance movement]] composed mostly of the lower classes, who felt that the nobility was simply allowing themselves to fall under French control. Lord Wellington remarked that it was extraordinary that the French had managed to remain in the country for so long (about 4 years).
** [[Landsturm]] – German resistance groups fighting against the French in the [[Napoleonic Wars]].
* Certain [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] during [[Manifest destiny]].
** [[Tsali]] – [[Cherokee]] tribal member who led a small band of Cherokee people against the United States military during the [[Trail of Tears]] era. Executed in exchange for the survival of his band, the band were integrated into the [[Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians]].
** [[Osceola]] – [[Seminole]] chief who was very influential. Resisted deportation during the period of [[Indian removal]]. Led a number of successes until being captured by the United States during faux peace talks, died a few months later in prison.
* During the [[American Civil War]], there were also resistance movements on both sides
** [[Bushwhacker]]s were [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] guerrillas who engaged in raids, robberies, and massacres against the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] forces and affiliated citizens. Continued resisting for some years after the [[American Civil War]] ended. Responsible for the [[Lawrence Massacre]]
** [[Jayhawker]]s were [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] guerrillas who engaged in the same acts as the bushwhackers did, they were also active during [[Bleeding Kansas]], most prominent member was [[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]] responsible for the [[Pottawatomie Massacre]] and [[John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry]].
* [[Carbonari]] – 19th-century Italian movement resisting Austrian or [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]] rule.
* The [[Polish National Government (January Uprising)|Polish National Government]] – Underground Polish supreme authority during the [[January Uprising]] against [[partitions of Poland|Russian occupation of Poland]]. In 1863–1864, it was a real shadow government supported by majority of Poles, who even paid taxes for it, and was a significant problem for the [[Okhrana]], the [[secret police]] of the [[Russian Empire]].
* [[Andrés Avelino Cáceres]]' [[Resistance (War of the Pacific)|resistance movement]] against invading Chilean forces during the [[War of the Pacific]].
* The [[Katipunan|Kataas-Taasang, Ka-Galang-galangang, Katipunan ng mga Anak Ng Bayan]] (KKK) was an organization in the Philippines that instigated the Philippine Revolution in 1896 against the Spanish colonials and resulted in the dissolution of the ''Republic of Biak na Bato'' and the exile of the Philippine Government, headed by Emillo Aguinaldo.

===Pre–World War II===
[[File:Three Moros rebels hung in Jolo.JPG|thumb|Three Filipino [[Moro people|Moro]] rebels hanged by the Americans in Jolo during the [[Moro Rebellion]]]]
[[File:Omar_Mukhtar_with_the_Libyan_Mujahideen.jpg|thumb|[[Omar Mukhtar]] led Libyan ''[[Mujahideen|Mujahidin]]'' against the imperialist forces of Fascist Italy]]
* Filipino guerrilla units after official end of [[Philippine–American War]] (1902–1913)
* [[Chinese Communist Party]]
** [[Chinese Red Army]]
** [[Chinese Soviet Republic]]
** [[Communist-controlled China (1927–1949)]]
** [[Fujian People's Government]]
** [[Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region]]
* [[Charlemagne Peralte]] and his [[Cacos (military group)|Cacos]] rebels who resisted the [[United States occupation of Haiti]].
* [[Freikorps]]
* Ukrainian forces in the [[Ukrainian War of Independence]] (1917-1921)
* [[Dervish movement (Somali)|Dervish Movement]] (1899-1920)
* [[House of Saud]]
** [[Ikhwan]]
* [[Forest Guerrillas]] (1921–1922)
* [[Augusto César Sandino]] led a rebellion against the [[United States occupation of Nicaragua]].
* [[Lwów Eaglets]]
* [[Black Lions]] (1936)
* [[Irish Republican Army]] (1918–1922)
* [[Turkish National Movement|Turkish national movement]]
** [[Association for the Defense of the Rights of Anatolia and Rumelia]]
* [[TIGR]] (1927–1941)
* [[Ustaše]] – Croatian nationalist and fascist resistance movement against the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
* [[White movement]] and its organizations in the 1920s–1930s:
** [[Brotherhood of Russian Truth]]
** [[Russian All-Military Union]]
* [[Green armies]] (1918–1921)
* [[Committee for the Independence of Georgia]]

===World War II===
{{See also|Resistance during World War II}}

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* [[Military history of Albania during World War II|Albanian resistance movement]]
* [[Austrian resistance]] movement (O5)
* Belarusian nationalist resistance movements:
** {{ill|Anti-Soviet resistance in Belarus (1944–1950s)|ru|Послевоенное антисоветское движение в БССР}}
** {{ill|Belarusian People's Partisans|ru|Белорусское народное партизанское движение}}, anti-Soviet and anti-Nazi<ref>{{Cite web| title=Belarusian Transnational Networks and Armed Conflict, 1921-1956 | url=https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/130845/3/Pomiecko_Aleksandra_201811_PhD_thesis.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717103801/https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/130845/3/Pomiecko_Aleksandra_201811_PhD_thesis.pdf | archive-date=2024-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Belgian resistance movement]]
* British resistance movements
** SIS Section D and Section VII (planned Resistance organisations)
** [[Resistance in the German-occupied Channel Islands]]
** The [[Auxiliary Units]], organized by Colonel [[Colin Gubbins]] as a potential British resistance movement against a possible invasion of the British Isles by Nazi forces, note that it was the only resistance movement established prior to invasion, albeit the invasion never came.
* [[Bulgarian resistance movement]]
* [[Anti-Fascist Organisation|Burmese resistance movement]]
* [[1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya|Chechen anti-Soviet resistance]]
* [[Anti-Japanese resistance volunteers in China|Chinese resistance movements]]
** [[Anti-Japanese Army for the Salvation of the Country]]
** [[Chinese People's National Salvation Army]]
** [[Heilungkiang National Salvation Army]]
** [[Jilin Self-Defence Army]]
** [[Northeast Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army]]
** [[Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army]]
** [[Northeast People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army]]
** [[Northeastern Loyal and Brave Army]]
** [[Northeastern People's Revolutionary Army]]
** [[Northeastern Volunteer Righteous & Brave Fighters]]
** [[Japanese occupation of Hong Kong#Strikes and anti-Japanese activities|Hong Kong resistance movements]]
*** {{Transliteration|zh|Gangjiu dadui}} (Hong Kong-Kowloon big army)
*** [[East River Column]] (Dongjiang Guerrillas, Southern China and Hong Kong organisation)
** [[Chinese Muslims in the Second Sino-Japanese War]]
*** Muslim Detachment (回民義勇隊 Huimin Zhidui)
*** Muslim corps
* [[German occupation of Czechoslovakia|Czech Resistance movement]]
* [[Danish resistance movement]]
* [[Dutch resistance]] movement
** [[The Stijkel Group]], a Dutch resistance movement, which mainly operated around the S-Gravenhage area.
** [[Valkenburg resistance]]
* [[Estonian resistance movement]]
* [[Forest Brothers]]
* [[French Resistance|French resistance movement]]
** [[Bureau Central de Renseignements et d'Action]] (BCRA)
** [[Conseil National de la Résistance]] (CNR)
** [[Francs-Tireurs et Partisans]] (FTP)
** [[Free French Forces]] (FFL)
** [[French Forces of the Interior]] (FFI)
** [[Maquis (WW2)|Maquis]]
** [[Pat O'Leary Line]]
* [[German resistance to Nazism]]
** [[Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group]]
** [[Confessing Church]]
** [[Edelweiss Pirates]]
** [[Ehrenfeld Group]]
** [[European Union (resistance group)|European Union]]
** [[Kreisau Circle]]
** [[National Committee for a Free Germany]]
*** [[Anti-Fascist Committee for a Free Germany]]
** [[Neu Beginnen]]
** [[Red Orchestra (spy)|Red Orchestra]]
** [[Robert Uhrig|Robert Uhrig Group]]
** [[Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization]]
** [[Solf Circle]]
** [[Vierergruppe (German Resistance)|Vierergruppen in Hamburg, Munich and Vienna]]
** [[White Rose]]
* German pro-Nazi resistance
** [[Volkssturm]] – a German resistance group and militia created by the NSDAP near the end of World War II
** [[Werwolf]] – German guerrillas resisting Allied occupation of Germany, 1945
* [[Greek Resistance|Greek resistance movement]]
** [[List of Greek Resistance organizations]]
** [[Cretan resistance]]
** [[National Liberation Front (Greece)|National Liberation Front]] (EAM) and the [[Greek People's Liberation Army]] (ELAS), EAM's guerrilla forces
** [[National Republican Greek League]] (EDES)
** [[National and Social Liberation]] (EKKA)
* {{ill|Hungarian resistance movement|ru|Движение Сопротивления (Венгрия)}}, anti-fascist anti-Axis movement against the [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Horthy regime]] and the [[Government of National Unity (Hungary)|Government of National Unity]]
* Indian resistance movements:
** [[Quit India Movement]], largely [[non-violent]] anti-British resistance within Indian territory
** [[Azad Hind]]
*** [[Indian National Army]], Indian force fighting alongside [[Imperial Japan]] against Allied forces
*** [[Indian Legion|Free Indian Army]], Indian unit in [[Nazi Germany]] fighting against the Allies for India's Independence
* [[Italian resistance movement|Italian resistance against fascism]]
** ''[[Arditi del Popolo]]''
** [[Assisi Network]]
** ''[[Brigate Fiamme Verdi]]''
** ''[[Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale]]''
** ''[[Concentrazione Antifascista Italiana]]''
** [[DELASEM]]
** [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|''Democrazia Cristiana'']]
** [[Four days of Naples]]
** ''[[Giustizia e Libertà]]''
** [[Italian Civil War]]
** [[Italian Co-Belligerent Army]], [[Italian Co-Belligerent Navy|Navy]], and [[Italian Co-Belligerent Air Force|Air Force]]
** [[Italian Communist Party|Italian Communist Party (PCI)]]
** [[Italian Partisan Republics]]
** [[Italian Socialist Party|Italian Socialist Party (PSI)]]
** [[Labour Democratic Party|Labour Democratic Party (PDL)]]
** ''[[Movimento Comunista d'Italia]]''
** [[National Liberation Committee for Northern Italy]]
** [[Action Party (Italy)|''Partito d'Azione'']]
** [[Scintilla (communist group)|Scintilla]]
* Italian pro-fascist resistance
** [[Black Brigades]]
** [[Italian guerrilla war in Ethiopia]]
* [[Japanese dissidence in 20th-century Imperial Japan|Japanese anti-imperial resistance]]
** [[Dissent in the Armed Forces of the Empire of Japan]]
** [[Japanese in the Chinese resistance to the Empire of Japan]]
*** [[Japanese Communist Party]]
*** [[Japanese People's Emancipation League]]
*** [[Japanese People's Anti-war Alliance]]
*** [[League to Raise the Political Consciousness of Japanese Troops]]
* Japanese pro-imperial resistance
** [[Japanese holdout]]
** [[Volunteer Fighting Corps]]
* [[Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe|Jewish resistance movement]], including [[Jewish partisans]] and [[Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee]]
** [[Resistance movement in Auschwitz]]
* [[Korean independence movement|Korean resistance movement]]
** [[Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea]]
*** [[Korean Liberation Army]]
** [[Korean Volunteer Army]]
* [[Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945|Latvian resistance movement]]
* [[Resistance in Lithuania during World War II|Lithuanian resistance]]
* Lithuanian, Latvian, and Estonian ([[Guerrilla war in the Baltic states|Forest Brothers]], [[Latvian partisans|Latvian national partisans]], and [[Lithuanian partisans]]) resistance movements during the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] invasion and occupation of the [[Baltic countries]] (continued after the end of World War II).
* [[Luxembourg Resistance|Luxembourgish resistance movement]]
* [[Norwegian resistance movement]]
* [[Philippine resistance against Japan|Philippine resistance movement]] (Multiple, often opposing organizations, were active during the [[Japanese occupation of the Philippines|Japanese Occupation]])
* [[Polish Underground State]] and [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|Polish resistance]] organizations, such as:
** [[Armia Krajowa]] (the Home Army), Polish underground army in World War II (400 000 sworn members)
** [[Narodowe Siły Zbrojne]]
** [[Bataliony Chłopskie]]
** [[Gwardia Ludowa]] (the People's Guard) and [[Armia Ludowa]] (the People's Army)
** [[Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa]] (ZOB, the Jewish Fighting Organisation), Jewish resistance movement that led the [[Warsaw Ghetto Uprising]] in 1943
** [[Zydowski Zwiazek Walki]] (ZZW, the Jewish Fighting Union), Jewish resistance movement that led the [[Warsaw Ghetto Uprising]] in 1943
** [[Tudor Vladimirescu Division]] and [[Horea, Cloșca și Crișan Division]] of the [[Red Army]]
* [[Romanian resistance movement during World War II|Romanian anti-fascist anti-Axis resistance and political opposition]]
** [[Tudor Vladimirescu Division]] and [[Horea, Cloșca și Crișan Division]] of the [[Red Army]]
* The "[[Republic of Rossony]]" formed by a group of Soviet partisans, described as "neither for the Soviets nor the Germans"<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sKAeAQAAMAAJ | title=The People's Avengers: Soviet Partisans, Stalinist Society and the Politics of Resistance, 1941-1944 | date=1994 | publisher=University of Michigan }}</ref>
* The so-called "[[Russian Liberation Movement]]" attempted to create an independent (either allied with Germany or opposing both sides) Russian anti-Communist force by means of [[Collaboration in the German-occupied Soviet Union|collaboration with the Nazis]]<ref>Catherine Andreyev. Vlasov and the Russian Liberation Movement</ref>
** [[Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia]] and the [[Russian Liberation Army]] within the Wehrmacht, formally released from German command in January 1945, switched sides in May 1945
** [[GULAG Operation]]
** [[Kaminski Brigade|Russian People's Liberation Army]], pro-Nazi militia of the [[Lokot Autonomy]], later absorbed as a part of the Waffen-SS, reformed as an anti-Soviet partisan movement after the war
* [[Slovak National Uprising|Slovak resistance movement]]
* [[Soviet resistance movement]] of [[Soviet partisans]] and underground which had Moscow-organized and spontaneously-formed cells opposing German occupation.
** [[Belarusian resistance during World War II|Belarusian Soviet partisans]]
** [[Soviet partisans in Estonia|Estonian Soviet partisans]]
** [[Soviet partisans in Latvia|Latvian Soviet partisans]]
** [[Moldovan resistance during World War II|Moldovan Soviet partisans]]
** [[Soviet partisans in Finland]]
** [[Soviet partisans in Poland]]
** [[Young Guard (Soviet resistance)]]
* [[Free Thai Movement|Thai resistance movement]]
* Ukrainian resistance movements:
** [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army]] (anti-German, anti-Soviet and anti-Polish resistance movement)
** [[Ukrainian People's Revolutionary Army]] (anti-German, anti-Soviet and anti-Polish resistance movement)
* [[Yugoslavia#Yugoslavia during Second World War|Yugoslav]] resistance movements:
** [[Chetniks|Yugoslav Army in the Homeland - the ''Chetniks'']]
*** [[Blue Guard (Slovene)|Blue Guard]] – Slovenian Chetniks
** [[Yugoslav Partisans|National Liberation Army – the ''Partisans'']]
*** [[Croatian Partisans]]
*** [[Macedonian Partisans]]
*** [[Serbian Partisans]]
*** [[Slovene Partisans]]
* [[Viet Minh]]
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===Post–World War II===
[[File:National Liberation Army Soldiers (7).jpg|thumb|Algerian [[National Liberation Army (Algeria)|National Liberation Army]] during the [[Algerian War]] against French occupation]]
[[File:Irish Citizen Army on Rooftop.jpg|thumb|[[Irish Citizen Army]]]]
* [[Post-WWII anti-fascism]] (ongoing)

====Africa====
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* [[Casamance conflict]] (ongoing)
* [[Conflict in the Niger Delta]] (ongoing)
* [[Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda]] ([[Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda|Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda]]) (ongoing)
* [[Harakat al-Shabaab Mujahideen]] (ongoing)
* [[Lord's Resistance Army]] (ongoing)
* [[Mai-Mai]] (ongoing)
* [[March 23 Movement]]
* [[Mau Mau Rebellion|Mau Mau]]
* [[MPLA]]
* [[Ogaden National Liberation Front]]
* [[Sudan Liberation Movement|Sudanese resistance]] (ongoing)
* [[Symbionese Liberation Army]]
* [[Umkhonto we Sizwe]]/[[African National Congress]]
* [[ActionSA]]/[[Afrikaner Resistance Movement]]/[[MK Party]]/[[Economic Freedom Fighters]]/[[Cape Independence Party]]/[[Referendum Party]] and others in [[Post-Apartheid South Africa]]
* [[ZANU–PF]]
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====East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania====
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* [[East Turkestan Islamic Movement]] (ongoing)
* [[Free Papua Movement]] (ongoing)
* [[Kuomintang]] insurgency in China
** [[Kuomintang Islamic insurgency]]
** [[Kuomintang in Burma]]
* [[New People's Army]] (ongoing)
* [[Pathet Lao]]
* [[People's Liberation Army]]/[[Chinese Communist Party]]
* [[South Thailand insurgency]] (ongoing)
* [[Tibetan resistance movement]] (ongoing)
* [[Viet Cong]]
* [[Viet Minh]]
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====Europe====
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* Albanian insurgency in Yugoslavia
** [[Kosovo Liberation Army]]
** [[Kosovo Protection Corps]]
** [[National Liberation Army (Macedonia)|National Liberation Army]]
** [[Liberation Army of Preševo, Medveđa and Bujanovac]]
* [[Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)|Anti-communist resistance in Poland]]
* [[Caucasus Emirate]] 
* [[Continuity Irish Republican Army]]
* [[Crusaders (guerrilla)|Crusaders]] – Croatian [[Ustaše]] guerrilla movement fighting against Yugoslav communist forces
* [[Cursed soldiers]] Polish anticommunist resistance
* [[Free Wales Army]]
* [[Greek People's Liberation Army|Greek resistance]]
* [[Hungarian Revolution of 1956|Hungarian Uprising]]
* [[Irish National Liberation Army]]
* [[Irish People's Liberation Organisation]]
* [[Irish Republican Army]]
* [[Insurgency in the North Caucasus]] (2009-2017)
* [[Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru]]
* [[National Liberation Front of Corsica]] ([[National Liberation Front of Corsica|Fronte di Liberazione Naziunale Corsu]])
* [[Óglaigh na hÉireann (Real IRA splinter group)|Óglaigh na hÉireann]] (ongoing)
* [[Prague Spring]]
* [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] (1969–1997)
* [[Real Irish Republican Army]] (ongoing)
* [[Romanian anti-communist resistance movement]]
* [[Spanish Maquis]]
* [[Ukrainian resistance during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]] (ongoing)
* [[United Irishmen]]
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====Middle East====
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* [[Armenian irregular units|Armenian resistance]]
* [[Afghan Mujahideen]]
* [[Ba'athist Syria]] (ongoing)
** [[Assad loyalist insurgency]]
* [[Free Patriotic Movement]] (1988-2005)
* [[Free Syrian Army]] (2011-2014; Splinter branches and groups who use the name ongoing)
* [[Front for the Liberation of the Golan]] (ongoing)
* [[General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries]] (ongoing)
* [[Gaddafi loyalism]] (ongoing)
* [[Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)]] (ongoing)
* [[Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)]]
* [[Taliban]] ([[United States invasion of Afghanistan|2001]] to [[Fall of Kabul (2021)|2021]])
* [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan]] (ongoing)
** [[National Resistance Front of Afghanistan]]
* [[Hezbollah]]<ref name="hez">{{cite web | title=Hezbollah: A State Within a State - by Hussain Abdul-Hussain | website=Hudson Institute | url=http://www.hudson.org/research/9801-hezbollah-a-state-within-a-state | access-date=October 3, 2020}}</ref> (ongoing)
* [[Houthi insurgency in Yemen|Houthis (Ansar Allah)]] (ongoing)
* [[Popular Mobilization Forces]]
* [[Lebanese Front]]/[[Lebanese Forces]] (1975–1990)
* [[National Liberation Front (Algeria)]]
* [[Palestinian political violence|Palestinian militants]] (ongoing)
** [[Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigade]]
** [[Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine]]
** [[Hamas]]<ref name="hamas">{{cite journal | title=Objectives, Mechanisms and Obstacles of Hamas External Relations - Hanaini - Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences | journal=Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences | date=July 6, 2016 | volume=7 | issue=4 | page=485 | url=https://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/view/9344 | access-date=October 3, 2020| last1=Hanaini | first1=Abdalhakim | last2=Ahmad | first2=Abdul Rahim Bin }}</ref> (ongoing)
** [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]] (ongoing)
** [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] (ongoing)
** [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]] (ongoing)
* [[Polisario Front]] (ongoing)
* [[People's Mujahedin Organization of Iran]]
* [[South Yemen insurgency|South Yemen Movement]] (ongoing)
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====Indian subcontinent====
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* [[Mukti Bahini]] (1971)
* [[Bhutan Tiger Force]]
* [[Indian Independence movement]] and [[Pakistan movement]]
* [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]]  (ongoing)
* [[Khalistan]] (ongoing)
* [[Sindhudesh]] (ongoing)
* [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam|Tamil Tigers]]
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====Western hemisphere====
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* [[American Indian Movement]]
* [[Black Guerrilla Family]] (ongoing)
* [[Black Panther Party]]
* [[Boricua Popular Army]]
* [[Contras]] of [[Nicaragua]]
* [[Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front]]
* [[Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia]] (ongoing)
* [[Front de libération du Québec]]
* [[Fruit of Islam]]
* [[Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña]]
* [[Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity]]
* [[Los Macheteros]] – Puerto Rican armed independence movement (ongoing)
* [[MOVE (Philadelphia organization)|MOVE]]
* [[Montoneros]], [[People's Revolutionary Army (Argentina)|Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo]], [[Peronist Armed Forces]] of [[Argentina]]
* [[Ñancahuazú Guerrilla]]
* [[Paraguayan People's Army]] (ongoing)
* [[Popular Revolutionary Army]] (ongoing)
* [[Sandinista National Liberation Front|Sandinistas]]
* [[Shining Path]] (ongoing)
* [[Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement]]
* [[Tupamaros]]
* [[Weather Underground]]
* [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation|Zapatistas]] (ongoing)
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