Editing Rutherford scattering experiments (section)

==== Nuclear physics ====
{{main | Nuclear physics| Scattering}}
[[File:AlphaTrackRutherfordScattering3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0| In a [[cloud chamber]], a 5.3&nbsp;MeV alpha particle track from a [[lead-210|<sup>210</sup>Pb]] source (1) undergoes Rutherford scattering (2), deflecting by an angle of about 30°. It scatters once again (3), and finally comes to rest in the gas. The target nucleus recoils, leaving a short track (2). (cm scale)]]
The first impacts were to encourage new focus on scattering experiments. For example the first results from a [[cloud chamber]], by [[Charles Thomson Rees Wilson|C.T.R. Wilson]] shows alpha particle scattering and also appeared in 1911.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=On an expansion apparatus for making visible the tracks of ionising particles in gases and some results obtained by its use |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character |date=1912-09-19 |volume=87 |issue=595 |pages=277–292 |language=en |doi=10.1098/rspa.1912.0081 |bibcode=1912RSPSA..87..277W |issn=0950-1207 |last1=Wilson |first1=C. T. R. |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=Heilbron1968/>{{rp|302}} Over time, particle scattering became a major aspect of theoretical and experimental physics;<ref name=Barrette2021/>{{rp|443}}  Rutherford's concept of a "cross-section" now dominates the descriptions of experimental particle physics.<ref name=GilibertiLovisetti>{{Cite book |last1=Giliberti |first1=Marco |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-57934-9_6 |title=Old Quantum Theory and Early Quantum Mechanics. Challenges in Physics Education. |last2=Lovisetti |first2=Luisa |date=2024 |publisher=Springer Nature Switzerland |isbn=978-3-031-57933-2 |location=Cham |pages=229–268 |language=en |chapter=Rutherford's Hypothesis on the Atomic Structure |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-57934-9_6 }}</ref>{{rp|247|quote=The idea of using the scattering of particles against a target to determine the internal structure of matter, as Rutherford did, turned out to be one of the most prolific ideas of experimental physics of the twentieth century and continues today in particle colliders to be one of the basic methods we have for determining the nature of things.}} The historian [[Silvan S. Schweber]] suggests that Rutherford's approach marked the shift to viewing all interactions and measurements in physics as scattering processes.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Schweber |first=S. S. |title=QED and the men who made it: Dyson, Feynman, Schwinger, and Tomonaga |date=1994 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-03685-4 |series=Princeton series in physics |location=Princeton, N.J}}</ref>{{rp|xiv}} After the nucleus - a term Rutherford introduced in 1912<ref name=PaisInwardBound/>{{rp|192}} - became the accepted model for the core of atoms, Rutherford's analysis of the scattering of alpha particles created a new branch of physics, nuclear physics.<ref name=PaisInwardBound/>{{rp|223}}