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== Network and operations == === Services === Services on the Sandringham line operates from approximately 5:00am to 12:00am (midnight) daily and all night on Friday and Saturday nights.<ref name=":9">{{Cite news |date=22 August 2022 |title=More Melburnians could hop on a train or tram every 10 minutes under ambitious Greens proposal |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-08-23/melbourne-train-tram-services-victorian-greens-state-election/101357298 |url-status=live |access-date=18 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217181820/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-08-23/melbourne-train-tram-services-victorian-greens-state-election/101357298 |archive-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> Services run every 7–8 minutes during peak hour, with services running every 15 minutes during the inter-peak period on weekdays, and every 20 minutes at night and during the day on weekends (with the exception of early Sunday mornings when services run every 40 minutes until 10:00am). Additionally, services run every 60 minutes overnight on Friday and Saturday nights as part of the Night Network.<ref name=":32"/> Services don't run via the [[City Loop]], instead they run direct to Flinders Street.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Growing Our Rail Network 2018–2025 |url=https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/footer/legal-and-policies/growing-our-rail-network-2018-2025/ |access-date=6 February 2023 |website=Public Transport Victoria |language=en-GB |archive-date=12 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812025052/https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/footer/legal-and-policies/growing-our-rail-network-2018-2025/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As of December 2024, one express train during a weekday on the Sandringham line is being the 6:05pm Flinders Street service from Sandringham. ==== Stopping patterns ==== '''Legend — Station status''' * ◼ [[Premium station|Premium Station]] – Station staffed from first to last train * ◻ [[Host station|Host Station]] – Usually staffed during morning peak, however this can vary for different stations on the network. '''Legend — Stopping patterns'''<br>Services do not operate via the City Loop * ● – All trains stop * ◐ – Some services do not stop * ▲ – Only inbound trains stop * | – Trains pass and do not stop {{Table alignment}} {| class="wikitable defaultcenter col1left" ! colspan="5" style="background:#{{rcr|Melbourne|Sandringham}};" |<span style="color:white;">Sandringham Services<ref>{{cite web |title=Sandringham Line |url=https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/route/timetable/12/sandringham/ |website=Public Transport Victoria |access-date=26 December 2022 |archive-date=20 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220072731/https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/route/timetable/12/sandringham/ |url-status=live }}</ref></span> |+ !Station !Zone !Local !Ltd Express !Middle Brighton |- |◼ {{rwsa|Flinders Street}} || rowspan="9" | 1 || ● || ▲ || ▲ |- |◼ {{rwsa|Richmond|m}} || ● || ▲ || ▲ |- |◼ {{rwsa|South Yarra}} || ● || ▲ || ▲ |- |◻ {{rwsa|Prahran}} || ● || ▲ || ▲ |- |◻ {{rwsa|Windsor|m}} || ● || ▲ || ▲ |- |◼ {{rwsa|Balaclava|m}} || ● || ▲ || ▲ |- |◻ {{rwsa|Ripponlea}} || ● || ▲ || ▲ |- |◼ {{rwsa|Elsternwick}} || ● || ▲ || ▲ |- |{{htxt|◻}} {{rwsa|Gardenvale}} || ● || {{Pipe}} || ▲ |- |◻ {{rwsa|North Brighton}} || rowspan="3" | 1/2 || ● || {{Pipe}} || ▲ |- |◻ {{rwsa|Middle Brighton}} || ● || {{Pipe}} || ▲ |- |◼ {{rwsa|Brighton Beach}} || ● || {{Pipe}} || rowspan="3" | |- |{{htxt|◻}} {{rwsa|Hampton|m}} || rowspan="2" | 2 || ● || {{Pipe}} |- |◼ {{rwsa|Sandringham}} || ● || ▲ |} === Operators === The Sandringham line has had a total of 11 operators since its opening in 1859. The line was initially operated by the [[Melbourne and Suburban Railway Company]], the [[St Kilda and Brighton Railway Company]], the [[Melbourne Railway Company]], and the [[Melbourne and Hobson's Bay Railway Company]] over the course of 19 years from 1859 till nationalisation in 1878. The majority of operations throughout its history have been government run: from 1878 until the 1999 privatisation of Melbourne's rail network, four different government operators have run the line.<ref name=":102">"Melbourne's Rail Network to be Split" ''[[Railway Digest]]'' November 1997 page 12</ref> These operators, [[Victorian Railways]], the [[Metropolitan Transit Authority (Victoria)|Metropolitan Transit Authority]], the [[Public Transport Corporation]] and Bayside Trains have a combined operational length of 121 years.<ref name=":102"/> Bayside Trains was privatised in August 1999 and later rebranded [[M-Train|M>Train]]. In 2002, M>Train was placed into receivership and the state government regained ownership of the line, with [[KPMG]] appointed as receivers to operate M>Train on behalf of the state government.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2836793/National-Express-walks-out-of-Australian-rail-service.html National Express walks out of Australian rail service] ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (London) 17 December 2002</ref><ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/12/23/1040511007915.html Receivers take over train, tram group] ''[[The Age]]'' 24 December 2002</ref><ref>[https://www.railexpress.com.au/victorian-passenger-services-get-new-managers/ Victorian passenger services get new managers] ''Rail Express'' 28 January 2003</ref> Two years later, rival train operator [[Connex Melbourne]] took over the M>Train operations including the Sandringham line. [[Metro Trains Melbourne]], the current private operator, then took over the operations in 2009. These private operators have had a combined operational period of {{Age|1999|08|29}} years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooper |first=Mex |date=25 June 2009 |title=New train, tram operators for Melbourne |url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/new-train-tram-operators-for-melbourne-20090625-cxgx.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101122206/https://www.theage.com.au/national/new-train-tram-operators-for-melbourne-20090625-cxgx.html |archive-date=1 January 2023 |access-date=1 January 2023 |website=The Age}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Past and present operators of the Sandringham line: !Operator !Assumed operations !Ceased operations !Length of operations |- |[[Melbourne and Suburban Railway Company]]* | rowspan="2" |1859 | rowspan="2" |1862 | rowspan="2" |3 years |- |[[St Kilda and Brighton Railway Company]]* |- |[[Melbourne Railway Company]] |1862 |1865 |3 years |- |[[Melbourne and Hobson's Bay Railway Company]] |1865 |1878 |13 years |- |[[Victorian Railways]] |1878 |1983 |105 years |- |[[Metropolitan Transit Authority (Victoria)|Metropolitan Transit Authority]] |1983 |1989 |6 years |- |[[Public Transport Corporation]] |1989 |1998 |9 years |- |[[Bayside Trains]] (government operator) |1998 |1999 |1 years |- |[[M-Train|M>Train]] |1999 |2004 |5 years |- |[[Connex Melbourne]] |2004 |2009 |5 years |- |[[Metro Trains Melbourne]] |2009 |''incumbent'' |{{Age|2009|11|30}} years (ongoing) |} <nowiki>*</nowiki>Operated part of the route === Route === {{Sandringham Line|float=right|collapse=yes}}{{maplink |frame=yes |frame-lat=-37.8899 |frame-long=144.9891 |frame-width=350 |frame-height=600 |frame-align=right |text=Interactive map of the Sandringham line in south-eastern Melbourne. |zoom=12 |type=line |id=Q52162293 |stroke-colour=#FC7EBB |stroke-width=5 |title=Sandringham Line }}{{Infobox rail line | name = Sandringham (physical track) | other_name = | color = | logo = | logo_width = | logo_alt = | image = | image_width = | image_alt = | caption = | type = | system = | status = Operational with passenger services from Flinders Street to Sandringham | locale = [[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], [[Australia]] | start = {{rwsa|Flinders Street}} | end = {{rwsa|Sandringham}} | continuesfrom = | continuesas = | connectinglines = All metropolitan and [[Traralgon railway line|Bairnsdale/Traralgon]] | formerconnections = | stations = {{ubl|14 current stations|2 former stations}} | routes = Sandringham | daily_ridership = | ridership2 = | planopen = <!--{{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}}--> | open = {{Plainlist| * Princes Bridge to Richmond on {{Start date|1859|2|8|df=y}} * Richmond to Cremorne on {{Start date|1859|12|12|df=y}} * Windsor to North Brighton on {{Start date|1859|12|19|df=y}} * Cremorne to Windsor on {{Start date|1860|12|22|df=y}} * Flinders Street to Princes Bridge on {{Start date|1865|12|18|df=y}} * North Brighton to Brighton Beach on {{Start date|1861|12|21|df=y}} * Brighton Beach to Sandringham on {{Start date|1887|9|2|df=y}} }} | yearcommenced = {{Start date|1859|12|19|df=y}} | yearcompleted = {{Start date|1887|9|2|df=y}} | close = <!--{{End date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}}--> | event1label = Electrified | event1 = {{Start date|1919|5|28|df=y}} | event2label = | event2 = | event3label = | event3 = | owner = {{Plainlist| * [[St Kilda and Brighton Railway Company|St Kilda and Brighton Railway]] (1859–1865) * [[Melbourne and Suburban Railway Company|Melbourne and Suburban Railway]] (1859–1862) * [[Melbourne Railway Company]] (1862–1865) * [[Melbourne and Hobson's Bay Railway Company|Melbourne and Hobson's Bay United Railway]] (1865–1878) * [[Victorian Railways|Victorian Railways (VR)]] (1878–1974) * VR as VicRail (1974–1983) * [[Metropolitan Transit Authority (Victoria)|MTA (The Met)]] (1983–1989) * [[Public Transport Corporation|PTC (The Met)]] (1989–1997) * [[VicTrack]] (1997–Current) }} | operator = | character = | depot = | stock = | linelength_km = 18.090 | tracklength = | tracks = {{Plainlist| * Twelve tracks: Flinders Street to Richmond * Six tracks: Richmond to South Yarra * [[Double-track railway|Double track]]: South Yarra to Sandringham }} | gauge = {{Track gauge|1600 mm}} | old_gauge = | load_gauge = | minradius = | maxincline = {{Incline|93}} | electrification = 1500 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[Overhead line|overhead]] | speed = {{Convert|70|km/h|abbr=on}} | signalling = [[Automatic block signalling]] | elevation = | website = | map = | map_state = collapsed | embedded = }} The Sandringham line forms a somewhat linear route with minor curves from the [[Melbourne central business district]] to its terminus in Sandringham. The route is {{convert|17.9|km}} long and is predominantly doubled tracked, however between Flinders Street station and Richmond, the track is widened to 12 tracks, narrowing to 6 tracks between Richmond and South Yarra before again narrowing to 2 tracks between South Yarra and Sandringham.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carey |first=Adam |date=4 June 2015 |title=Multimillion-dollar Richmond railway station revamp in limbo |url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/multimilliondollar-richmond-railway-station-revamp-in-limbo-20150604-ghgyos.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212123654/https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/multimilliondollar-richmond-railway-station-revamp-in-limbo-20150604-ghgyos.html |archive-date=12 December 2022 |access-date=12 December 2022 |website=The Age}}</ref> After departing from its terminus at Flinders Street, the Sandringham line traverses mainly flat country with few curves and fairly minimal [[Earthworks (engineering)|earthworks]] for most of the line. However, sections of the line have been elevated or lowering into a [[Cutting (transportation)|cutting]] to [[Level Crossing Removal Project|eliminate level crossings]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Wong |first=Marcus |date=10 May 2021 |title=Level crossing removals in 1920s Melbourne |url=https://wongm.com/2021/05/melbourne-1920s-level-crossing-removals/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212120708/https://wongm.com/2021/05/melbourne-1920s-level-crossing-removals/ |archive-date=12 December 2022 |access-date=12 December 2022 |website=Waking up in Geelong}}</ref> Despite historical removals, there are numerous level crossings still present on the line with no current plans to remove them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderton |first=Gary |date=20 November 2020 |title=Key level crossing removals must feature in this year's State Budget – Michael O'Brien MP, Member for Malvern |url=https://www.michaelobrien.com.au/key-level-crossing-removals-must-feature-in-this-years-state-budget/ |access-date=15 February 2023 |website=Michael O'Brien MP |language=en-AU |archive-date=15 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215095437/https://www.michaelobrien.com.au/key-level-crossing-removals-must-feature-in-this-years-state-budget/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The line follows the same alignment as the Cranbourne, Pakenham, and Frankston lines with the four services splitting onto different routes at South Yarra. The Sandringham line continues on its south eastern alignment, whereas the Cranbourne, Pakenham, and Frankston lines takes an eastern alignment towards their final destinations.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Wray |first=Tyson |title=Melbourne's train lines definitively ranked from best to worst |url=https://www.timeout.com/melbourne/blog/melbournes-train-lines-definitively-ranked-from-best-to-worst-011917 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212120710/https://www.timeout.com/melbourne/blog/melbournes-train-lines-definitively-ranked-from-best-to-worst-011917 |archive-date=12 December 2022 |access-date=12 December 2022 |website=Time Out Melbourne|date=19 January 2017 }}</ref> From [[Balaclava railway station, Melbourne|Balaclava]], the line is never more than ~{{convert|2|km|mi|1}} from the eastern shore of [[Port Phillip Bay, Victoria|Port Phillip]]. All of the rail line goes through [[Urban agglomeration|built-up]] suburbs towards its terminus in Sandringham.<ref name=":8" /> === Stations === The line serves 14 stations across {{convert|17.9|km}} of track. The stations are a mix of elevated, lowered, and ground level designs. The majority of stations are at ground level, with elevated or lowered stations constructed in conjunction with historical level crossing removals works.<ref name=":142">{{Cite web |last1=Woodcock |first1=Ian |last2=Stone |first2=John |date=2016 |title=The Benefits Of Level Crossing Removals. Lessons from Melbourne's historical experience |url=https://msd.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/2733112/LXRA-Report_low_resolution.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109020042/https://msd.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/2733112/LXRA-Report_low_resolution.pdf |archive-date=9 January 2023 |access-date=9 January 2023 |page=18}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Station !Accessibility !Opened !Terrain !Train connections !Other connections |- |[[Flinders Street railway station|Flinders Street]] |Yes—step free access |1854<ref name=":11222"/> |Lowered |{{Collapsible list | title = 16 connections| * {{RouteBox|Alamein line|Alamein railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Alamein}}|white}} * {{RouteBox|Belgrave line|Belgrave railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Belgrave}}|white}} * {{RouteBox|Craigieburn line|Craigieburn railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Craigieburn}}|black}} * {{RouteBox|Cranbourne line|Cranbourne railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Cranbourne}}|white}} * {{RouteBox|Flemington Racecourse line|Flemington Racecourse railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Flemington Racecourse}}|white}} * {{RouteBox|Frankston line|Frankston railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Frankston}}|white}} * {{RouteBox|Gippsland line|Gippsland V/Line rail service|#{{rcr|V/Line|Gippsland}}|white}} * {{RouteBox|Glen Waverley line|Glen Waverley railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Glen Waverley}}|white}} * {{RouteBox|Hurstbridge line|Hurstbridge railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Hurstbridge}}|white}} * {{RouteBox|Lilydale line|Lilydale railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Lilydale}}|white}} * {{RouteBox|Mernda line|Mernda railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Mernda}}|white}} * {{RouteBox|Pakenham line|Pakenham railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Pakenham}}|white}} * {{RouteBox|Sunbury line|Sunbury railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Sunbury}}|black}} * {{RouteBox|Upfield line|Upfield railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Upfield}}|black}} * {{RouteBox|Werribee line|Werribee railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Werribee}}|white}} * {{RouteBox|Williamstown line|Williamstown railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Williamstown}}|white}} }} |{{Symbol|Melbourne tram logo.svg|30|Trams|link=no}} {{Symbol|Victoria bus logo.svg|30|Buses|link=no}} |- |[[Richmond railway station, Melbourne|Richmond]] | rowspan="2" |No—steep ramp |1859<ref name=":11222"/> |Elevated |{{Collapsible list | title = 8 connections| * {{RouteBox|Alamein line|Alamein railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Alamein}}|white}} * {{RouteBox|Belgrave line|Belgrave railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Belgrave}}|white}} * {{RouteBox|Cranbourne line|Cranbourne railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Cranbourne}}|white}} * {{RouteBox|Frankston line|Frankston railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Frankston}}|white}} * {{RouteBox|Gippsland line|Gippsland V/Line rail service|#{{rcr|V/Line|Gippsland}}|white}} * {{RouteBox|Glen Waverley line|Glen Waverley railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Glen Waverley}}|white}} * {{RouteBox|Lilydale line|Lilydale railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Lilydale}}|white}} * {{RouteBox|Pakenham line|Pakenham railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Pakenham}}|white}} }} |{{Symbol|Melbourne tram logo.svg|30|Trams|link=no}} {{Symbol|Victoria bus logo.svg|30|Buses|link=no}} |- |[[South Yarra railway station|South Yarra]] |1860<ref name=":11222"/> |Lowered |{{Collapsible list | title = 3 connections| * {{RouteBox|Cranbourne line|Cranbourne railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Cranbourne}}|white}} * {{RouteBox|Frankston line|Frankston railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Frankston}}|white}} * {{RouteBox|Pakenham line|Pakenham railway line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Pakenham}}|white}} }} | rowspan="4" |{{Symbol|Melbourne tram logo.svg|30|Trams|link=no}} |- |[[Prahran railway station|Prahran]] |Yes—step free access |1860<ref name=":11222"/> | rowspan="2" |Ground level | rowspan="11" | |- |[[Windsor railway station, Melbourne|Windsor]] |No—steep ramp | rowspan="2" |1859<ref name=":11222"/> |- |[[Balaclava railway station, Melbourne|Balaclava]] | rowspan="3" |Yes—step free access |Elevated |- |[[Ripponlea railway station|Ripponlea]] |1912<ref name=":11222"/> |Ground level |{{Symbol|Melbourne tram logo.svg|30|Trams|link=no}} {{Symbol|Victoria bus logo.svg|30|Buses|link=no}} |- |[[Elsternwick railway station|Elsternwick]] |1859<ref name=":11222"/> |Lowered |{{Symbol|Melbourne tram logo.svg|30|Trams|link=no}} {{Symbol|Victoria bus logo.svg|30|Buses|link=no}} {{Symbol|Melbourne skybus logo.svg|30|Buses|link=no}} |- |[[Gardenvale railway station|Gardenvale]] |No—steep ramp |1906<ref name=":11222"/> |Elevated |{{Symbol|Victoria bus logo.svg|30|Buses|link=no}} |- |[[North Brighton railway station|North Brighton]] | rowspan="5" |Yes—step free access |1859<ref name=":11222"/> | rowspan="5" |Ground level |{{Symbol|Victoria bus logo.svg|30|Buses|link=no}} {{Symbol|Melbourne skybus logo.svg|30|Buses|link=no}} |- |[[Middle Brighton railway station|Middle Brighton]] | rowspan="2" |1861<ref name=":11222"/> | rowspan="4" |{{Symbol|Victoria bus logo.svg|30|Buses|link=no}} |- |[[Brighton Beach railway station|Brighton Beach]] |- |[[Hampton railway station, Melbourne|Hampton]] | rowspan="2" |1887<ref name=":11222"/> |- |[[Sandringham railway station|Sandringham]] |} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+ class="nowrap" | Station Histories !Station !Opened<ref name="Anderson">{{Anderson-All Stations}}</ref> !Closed<ref name="Anderson"/> !Age ! scope=col class=unsortable | Notes<ref name="Anderson"/> |- | {{rwsa|Parliament}} || {{TAC2|22 January 1983}} || * Not a stop since 2021 |- | {{rwsa|Melbourne Central}} || {{TAC2|26 January 1981}} || * Formerly Museum<ref name="Anderson"/> * Not a stop since 2021 |- | {{rwsa|Flagstaff}} || {{TAC2|27 May 1985}} || * Not a stop since 2021 |- | {{rwsa|Southern Cross}} || {{TAC2|17 January 1859}} || * Formerly Batman's Hill * Formerly Spencer Street * Not a stop since 2021 |- | {{rwsa|Flinders Street}} || {{TAC2|12 September 1854}} || * Formerly Melbourne Terminus |- | rowspan="2" | {{rwsa|Princes Bridge}} || {{TAC2|8 February 1859|||1 October 1866}} || rowspan="2" | |- | {{TAC2|2 April 1879|||30 June 1980}} |- | {{rwsa|Botanic Gardens|m}} || {{TAC2|2 March 1859|||April 1862||c}} || |- | Punt Road || {{TAC2|8 February 1859|||12 December 1859}} || * Replaced by Swan Street (200m further along line) |- | {{rwsa|Richmond|m}} || {{TAC2|12 December 1859}} || * Formerly Swan Street |- | {{rwsa|Cremorne}} || {{TAC2|12 December 1859|||28 December 1863||c}} || |- | {{rwsa|South Yarra}} || {{TAC2|22 December 1860}} || * Formerly Gardiner's Creek Road |- | {{rwsa|Prahran}} || {{TAC2|22 December 1860}} || * Formerly Greville Street |- | {{rwsa|Windsor|m}} || {{TAC2|19 December 1859}} || * Formerly Chapel Street |- | {{rwsa|Balaclava|m}} || {{TAC2|19 December 1859}} || |- | {{rwsa|Ripponlea}} || {{TAC2|1 May 1912}} || |- | {{rwsa|Elsternwick}} || {{TAC2|19 December 1859}} || |- | {{rwsa|Gardenvale}} || {{TAC2|10 December 1906}} || |- | {{rwsa|North Brighton}} || {{TAC2|19 December 1859}} || * Formerly Bay Street |- | {{rwsa|Middle Brighton}} || {{TAC2|21 December 1861}} || * Formerly Church Street |- | {{rwsa|Brighton Beach}} || {{TAC2|21 December 1861}} || * Formerly Beach |- | {{rwsa|Hampton|m}} || {{TAC2|2 September 1887}} || * Formerly Hampton * Formerly Retreat |- | {{rwsa|Sandringham}} || {{TAC2|2 September 1887}} || |}
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