Editing Satanic panic (section)

===International spread===
In 1987, a list of "indicators" was published by Catherine Gould,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gould |first=C |title=Satanic ritual abuse: child victims, adult survivors, system response |journal=California Psychologist |year=1987 |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=9–14}}</ref> featuring a broad array of vague symptoms that were ultimately common, non-specific and subjective, purported to be capable of diagnosing SRA in most young children.<ref name=Intimate/> By the late 1980s, allegations began to appear throughout the world (including Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, the Netherlands, and [[Scandinavia]]), in part enabled by English as a common international language and in the United Kingdom, assisted by Gould's list of indicators. Belief in SRA spread rapidly through the ranks of mental health professionals (despite an absence of evidence) through a variety of continuing education seminars, during which attendees were urged to believe in the reality of Satanic cults, their victims, and not to question the extreme and bizarre memories uncovered. Support for these claims was offered in the form of unconnected bits of information such as pictures drawn by patients, heavy metal album covers, historical folklore about devil worshippers, and pictures of mutilated animals. During the seminars, patients provided testimonials of their experiences and presenters stressed that recovering memories was important for healing:{{sfn |McNally |2003 |p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=88Axi0huzYwC&pg=PA244 244]}}
* In 1986, the largest symposium on child abuse in history was held in Australia, with addresses by vocal SRA advocates Kee MacFarlane, Roland Summit, [[Astrid Heppenstall Heger]], and [[David Finkelhor]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Guillatt |first=R. |title=Talk of the Devil: Repressed Memory & the Ritual Abuse Witch-Hunt |publisher=The Text Publishing Company |year=1996 |location=Melbourne |page=31 |isbn=978-1-875847-29-7}}</ref>
* In 1987, writings on the phenomenon appeared in the United Kingdom along with incidents featuring broadly similar accusations such as the [[Cleveland child abuse scandal]]; [[List of satanic ritual abuse allegations#Broxtowe|allegations of SRA in Nottingham]] resulted in the "British McMartin", advised in part by the British journalist Tim Tate's work on the subject.<ref name=Intimate/> Along with the list of indicators, American conference speakers, pamphlets, source materials, consultants, vocabulary regarding SRA and allegedly funding were imported, which promoted the identification and counseling of British SRA allegations.<ref name=Intimate/>{{sfn |LaFontaine |1998 |pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=JBxfvDeQdmoC&pg=PA2 2], [https://books.google.com/books?id=JBxfvDeQdmoC&pg=PA12 12], [https://books.google.com/books?id=JBxfvDeQdmoC&pg=PA18 18] & [https://books.google.com/books?id=JBxfvDeQdmoC&pg=PA19 19]}} The [[Nottingham]] investigation resulted in criminal charges of severe child abuse that ultimately had nothing to do with Satanic rituals, and was criticized for focusing on the irrelevant and non-existent Satanic aspects of the allegations at the expense of the severe conventional abuse endured by the children.<ref>{{cite web |last=Thorpe |first=W. |author2=Gwatkin, J.B. |author3=Glenn, W.P. |author4=Gregory, M.F. |date= 1990-06-07 |title=Revised Joint Enquiry Report |url=http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~dlheb/jetrepor.htm |access-date=2007-10-23 |publisher=Nottinghamshire Social Services}}</ref>
* In 1989, [[San Francisco Police]] detective Sandi Gallant gave an interview with a newspaper in the United Kingdom.{{sfn |LaFontaine |1998 |p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=JBxfvDeQdmoC&pg=PA165 165]}} At the same time, several other therapists toured the country giving talks on SRA, and shortly thereafter SRA cases occurred in [[Orkney]], [[Rochdale]], [[London]], and [[Nottingham]].{{sfn |Nathan |Snedeker |1995 |p=230}}
* In 1992, charges were laid in the [[Martensville satanic sex scandal]]; charges were overturned in 1995 on the grounds of improper interviewing of the children.<ref>{{cite news |title=Satanic Sex Scandal |url=http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/martin/scandal.html |publisher=[[CBC News]] |date=February 12, 2003 |access-date=2007-10-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://newsinteractives.cbc.ca/longform/satanic-panic |title=Satanic Panic |first1=Emily |last1=Pasiuk |first2=Lisa |last2=Bryn Rundle |first3=Ilina |last3=Ghosh |publisher=[[CBC News]] |date=2020-03-15 |access-date=2020-03-16}}</ref>
* A wave of SRA accusations appeared in New Zealand in 1991, and in [[Norway]] in 1992.{{sfn |Nathan |Snedeker |1995 |p=231}}
* In the mid-nineties in Egypt, tabloids such as [[Rose al Yusuf (magazine)|Rose Al Youssef]] started publishing articles about an alleged subculture of Satan worshipping and rituals spreading among the teens and youth of the middle and upper-middle class and associating it with [[heavy metal music]], bands, symbolism, and graffiti. The original article published on 11 November 1996 was written by Abdallah Kamal, but soon other writers and journalists, including Adel Hammuda and others. The public intrigue eventually led to the security apparatus raiding the homes of some young people in the music scene and their friends, confiscating posts and tapes and CDs, forcing short hairstyles on them and subjecting them to religious reformation sessions, before releasing them,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://almanassa.com/stories/535 | title=أسطورة عَبَدَة الشيطان: أرشيف القضية الصحفي.. بدايات "الأمنجية" }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://almanassa.com/stories/502 | title=أسطورة عَبَدَة الشيطان: إكويليبريوم 1997 }}</ref> but the scare continued to be stirred from time to time until the mid 2000s, and became books and talk shows.
* In 1998, Jean LaFontaine produced a book indicating allegations of SRA in the United Kingdom were sparked by investigations supervised by social workers who had taken SRA seminars in the United States.
* In 2021 and 2022, two consecutive reports by [[Swiss Television]] journalists Ilona Stämpfli and {{interlanguage link|Robin Rehmann|de}} presented evidence that conspiracy theories closely related to the Satanic panic were still held by various groups and individuals in Switzerland, among them teachers, psychotherapists, high-ranking police officers, and a senior physician of ''Clienia'', the largest private psychiatric clinic group in Switzerland.<ref>{{cite AV media | people =Robin Rehmann, Ilona Stämpfli | date =December 12, 2021| title =Der Teufel mitten unter uns | trans-title =The devil in our midst | type =documentary | language =gsw, de | url =https://www.srf.ch/play/tv/rec-/video/der-teufel-mitten-unter-uns?urn=urn:srf:video:9a8844a9-fa58-4a7e-a6df-144f336d55f0 | access-date =May 22, 2022| archive-url = | archive-date = | format = | time =| location = | publisher =srf/dok  | id = | isbn = | oclc = | quote = }}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media  | people =Robin Rehmann, Ilona Stämpfli  | date =May 17, 2022  | title ="Rituelle Gewalt / Mind Control" - An Schweizer Kliniken wird mit Verschwörungstheorie therapiert  | trans-title =“Ritual Violence / Mind Control“ – Swiss clinics use conspiracy theories in their therapies  | type =documentary | language =gsw, de | url =https://www.srf.ch/sendungen/dok/rituelle-gewalt-mind-control-an-schweizer-kliniken-wird-mit-verschwoerungstheorie-therapiert  | access-date =May 22, 2022  | archive-url =  | archive-date = | format = | time =| location = | publisher =srf/dok | id =  | isbn =  | oclc =  | quote =  }}</ref> As a reaction to the first documentary, two of the interviewed teachers as well as the senior physician were let go by their employers.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schmalz |first=Sarah |date=February 24, 2022 |title=Der Teufel im Therapiezimmer [The devil in the therapy room] |url=https://www.woz.ch/-c2f4 |work=[[WOZ Die Wochenzeitung]] |location=Zürich |access-date=May 22, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Röthlisberger |first=Remo |date=January 6, 2022 |title=Satans-Lehrer im Kanton Baselland unterrichten nicht mehr [Satan teachers in the Canton Basel-Country no longer teaching |url=https://www.nau.ch/news/schweiz/satans-lehrer-im-kanton-baselland-unterrichten-nicht-mehr-66080372 |work=Nau.ch |location= |access-date=May 22, 2022 |archive-date=2022-08-03  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803002314/https://www.nau.ch/news/schweiz/satans-lehrer-im-kanton-baselland-unterrichten-nicht-mehr-66080372 |url-status=dead }}</ref>