Editing Scientometrics (section)

== Altmetrics ==
{{Main|Altmetrics}}
In scholarly and scientific publishing, altmetrics are nontraditional [[bibliometrics]]<ref name="PLOSCollections">{{cite web|title=PLOS Collections|url=http://collections.plos.org/altmetrics|website=[[PLOS|Public Library of Science (PLOS)]]|date=3 November 2021 |quote=Altmetrics is the study and use of nontraditional scholarly impact measures that are based on activity in web-based environments}}</ref> proposed as an alternative<ref>"The "alt" does indeed stand for "alternative"" Jason Priem, leading author in the [http://altmetrics.org/manifesto/ Altmetrics Manifesto] [http://altmetrics.org/manifesto/#comment-592 comment 592]</ref> or complement<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Haustein|first1=Stefanie|last2=Peters|first2=Isabella|last3=Sugimoto|first3=Cassidy R.|author3-link=Cassidy Sugimoto|last4=Thelwall|first4=Mike|last5=Larivière|first5=Vincent|date=2014-04-01|title=Tweeting biomedicine: An analysis of tweets and citations in the biomedical literature|journal=Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology|language=en|volume=65|issue=4|pages=656–669|arxiv=1308.1838|doi=10.1002/asi.23101|issn=2330-1643|s2cid=11113356}}</ref> to more traditional [[citation impact]] metrics, such as [[impact factor]] and [[H-index|''h''-index]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Chavda|first1=Janica|last2=Patel|first2=Anika|date=30 December 2015|title=Measuring research impact: bibliometrics, social media, altmetrics, and the BJGP|journal=British Journal of General Practice|volume=66|issue=642|pages=e59–e61|doi=10.3399/bjgp16X683353|pmc=4684037|pmid=26719483}}</ref> The term altmetrics was proposed in 2010,<ref name="Altmetrics-Manifesto-2011">{{cite journal|last1=Priem|first1=Jason|last2=Taraborelli|first2=Dario|last3=Groth|first3=Paul|last4=Neylon|first4=Cameron|date=September 28, 2011|title=Altmetrics: A manifesto (v 1.01)|url=http://altmetrics.org/manifesto|journal=Altmetrics}}</ref> as a generalization of [[article level metrics]],<ref name="UCBerkeley-BinfieldTalk-2009">{{cite web|last1=Binfield|first1=Peter|date=9 November 2009|title=Article-Level Metrics at PLoS - what are they, and why should you care?|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z05j5fsVfHA |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/Z05j5fsVfHA| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|website=[[University of California, Berkeley]]|format=Video}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and has its roots in the #altmetrics [[hashtag]]. Although altmetrics are often thought of as metrics about articles, they can be applied to people, journals, books, data sets, presentations, videos, source code repositories, web pages, etc. Altmetrics use public APIs across platforms to gather data with open scripts and algorithms. Altmetrics did not originally cover [[citation]] counts,<ref name="OpeningScience-2014">{{cite book|last1=Bartling|first1=Sönke|url=https://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-978-3-319-00026-8|title=Opening Science: The Evolving Guide on How the Internet Is Changing Research, Collaboration and Scholarly Publishing|last2=Friesike|first2=Sascha|date=2014|publisher=Springer International Publishing|isbn=978-3-31-900026-8|location=Cham|page=[https://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-978-3-319-00026-8/page/n179 181]|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-00026-8|oclc=906269135|quote=Altmetrics and article-level metrics are sometimes used interchangeably, but there are important differences: article-level metrics also include citations and usage data; ...}}</ref> but calculate scholar impact based on diverse online research output, such as social media, online news media, online reference managers and so on.<ref name="IEEESpectrum-MeasuringImpact-2012">{{cite journal|last1=Mcfedries|first1=Paul|date=August 2012|title=Measuring the impact of altmetrics [Technically Speaking]|journal=IEEE Spectrum|volume=49|issue=8|page=28|doi=10.1109/MSPEC.2012.6247557|issn=0018-9235}}</ref><ref name="SerialsReview-Rethinking-2013">{{cite journal|last1=Galligan|first1=Finbar|last2=Dyas-Correia|first2=Sharon|date=March 2013|title=Altmetrics: Rethinking the Way We Measure|journal=Serials Review|volume=39|issue=1|pages=56–61|doi=10.1016/j.serrev.2013.01.003}}</ref> It demonstrates both the impact and the detailed composition of the impact.<ref name="Altmetrics-Manifesto-2011" /> Altmetrics could be applied to research filter,<ref name="Altmetrics-Manifesto-2011" /> promotion and tenure dossiers, grant applications<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Moher|first1=David|last2=Naudet|first2=Florian|last3=Cristea|first3=Ioana A.|last4=Miedema|first4=Frank|last5=Ioannidis|first5=John P. A.|last6=Goodman|first6=Steven N.|date=2018-03-29|title=Assessing scientists for hiring, promotion, and tenure|journal=PLOS Biology|language=en|volume=16|issue=3|pages=e2004089|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.2004089|issn=1545-7885|pmc=5892914|pmid=29596415 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite conference |first=Rajiv|last=Nariani|date=2017-03-24|title=Supplementing Traditional Ways of Measuring Scholarly Impact: The Altmetrics Way |book-title=ACRL 2017 Conference Proceedings |language=en|hdl=10315/33652}}</ref> and for ranking newly published articles in [[List of academic databases and search engines|academic search engines]].<ref name=":6">{{cite conference|last1=Mehrazar|first1=Maryam|last2=Kling|first2=Christoph Carl|last3=Lemke|first3=Steffen|last4=Mazarakis|first4=Athanasios|last5=Peters|first5=Isabella|date=2018-04-08|title=Can We Count on Social Media Metrics? First Insights into the Active Scholarly Use of Social Media|page=215|arxiv=1804.02751|doi=10.1145/3201064.3201101|isbn=978-1-4503-5563-6|doi-access=free|book-title=Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Web Science}}</ref>