Editing Second Intifada (section)

===2000===
[[File:West Bank July 2008 CIA remote-sensing map 3000px.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] [[Remote sensing|remote-sensing]] map of areas governed by the Palestinian Authority, July 2008.]]
The [[2000 Camp David Summit|Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David]], from 11 to 25 July 2000, took place between the United States [[President of the United States of America|President]] [[Bill Clinton]], Israeli Prime Minister [[Ehud Barak]], and [[Palestinian Authority]] Chairman [[Yasser Arafat]]. It failed with the latter two blaming each other for the failure of the talks.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Israel/The-second-intifada |title=The second intifada |access-date=3 December 2023 |archive-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512210653/https://www.britannica.com/place/Israel/The-second-intifada |url-status=live }}</ref> There were four principal obstacles to agreement: territory, [[Positions on Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] and the [[Temple Mount]], Palestinian refugees and the [[Palestinian right of return|right of return]], and Israeli security concerns.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/18080066/israel-palestine-intifadas-first-second |title=What were the intifadas? |date=20 November 2018 |access-date=3 December 2023 |archive-date=10 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110215245/https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/18080066/israel-palestine-intifadas-first-second |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Ariel Sharon visits the Temple Mount====
On 28 September, Israeli opposition leader [[Ariel Sharon]] and a [[Likud]] party delegation guarded by hundreds of Israeli riot police visited the [[Temple Mount]], which is widely considered the [[Holiest sites in Islam (Sunni)|third holiest site in Islam]].<ref name="nytimes_outbreak">{{cite news |title=Palestinians And Israelis in a Clash at Holy Site|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9502E4DA1E3AF93BA1575AC0A9669C8B63 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 September 2000}}</ref> Israel has claimed sovereignty over the Mount and the rest of East Jerusalem [[Jerusalem Law|since 1980]], and the compound is the [[Jerusalem in Judaism|holiest site in Judaism]].

The Israeli Interior Minister [[Shlomo Ben-Ami]], who permitted Sharon's visit, later claimed that he had telephoned the Palestinian Authority's security chief [[Jibril Rajoub]] before the visit and gotten his reassurances that as long as Sharon didn't enter the mosques his visit wouldn't cause any problems. Rajoub vociferously denied having given any such reassurances.{{sfn|Bregman|2005|p=160}}

Shortly after Sharon left the site, angry demonstrations by Palestinian Jerusalemites outside erupted into rioting. The person in charge of the [[waqf]] at the time, Abu Qteish, was later indicted by Israel for using a loud-speaker to call on Palestinians to defend Al-Aqsa, which action Israeli authorities claimed was responsible for the subsequent stone-throwing in the direction of the Wailing Wall.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cohen |first=Hillel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KRKsAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA73 |title=The Rise and Fall of Arab Jerusalem: Palestinian Politics and the City Since 1967 |date= March 2013|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-85266-4 |language=en}}</ref> Israeli police responded with tear gas and rubber bullets, while protesters [[Palestinian stone-throwing|hurled stones]] and other projectiles, injuring 25 policemen, of whom one was seriously injured and had to be taken to hospital. At least three Palestinians were wounded by rubber bullets.<ref name=bbc2000sept28>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/28/newsid_3687000/3687762.stm |work=BBC News |title=On This Day: 'Provocative' mosque visit sparks riots |date=28 September 2000 |access-date=2014-09-01 |quote=Palestinians and Israeli police have clashed in the worst violence for several years at Jerusalem's holiest site, the compound around Al-Aqsa mosque. The violence began after a highly controversial tour of the mosque compound early this morning by hardline Israeli opposition leader Ariel Sharon. ... Soon after Mr Sharon left the site, the angry demonstrations outside erupted into violence. Israeli police fired tear gas and rubber-coated metal bullets, while protesters hurled stones and other missiles. Police said 25 of their men were hurt by missiles thrown by Palestinians, but only one was taken to hospital. Israel Radio reported at least three Palestinians were wounded by rubber bullets. ... Following Friday [September 29, 2000] prayers the next day, violence again broke out throughout Jerusalem and the West Bank. |archive-date=29 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129133239/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/28/newsid_3687000/3687762.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

The stated purpose for Sharon's visit of the compound was to assert the right of all Israelis to visit the Temple Mount;<ref>{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9803E4DB1F3DF936A35753C1A9669C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all|title=Unapologetic, Sharon Rejects Blame for Igniting Violence |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=5 October 2000|first=Joel|last=Greenberg|access-date=23 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Israeli's Tour of Holy Site Ignites Riot; Palestinians Angered By Test of Sovereignty in Jerusalem's Old City |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |author=Lee Hockstader |date=29 September 2000 |page=A22 |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-534994.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904080029/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-534994.html |archive-date=4 September 2015 |access-date=28 September 2014}}</ref> however, according to Likud spokesman [[Ofir Akunis]], the actual purpose was to "show that under a Likud government [the Temple Mount] will remain under Israeli sovereignty."<ref>{{cite news |title=Palestinians say opposition tour of holy site could cause bloodshed |url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/09/27/israel.palestinians.ap/index.html |publisher=CNN |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=27 September 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041210211004/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/09/27/israel.palestinians.ap/index.html |archive-date=10 December 2004}}</ref> Ehud Barak in the Camp David negotiations had insisted that East Jerusalem, where the Haram was located, would remain under complete Israeli sovereignty.<ref name="Singh">Rashmi Singh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=AQ_TOiLtdtAC&pg=PA38 ''Hamas and Suicide Terrorism: Multi-causal and Multi-level Approaches''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818222348/https://books.google.com/books?id=AQ_TOiLtdtAC&pg=PA38 |date=18 August 2020 }} Routledge, 2013 p.38</ref> In response to accusations by Ariel Sharon of government readiness to concede the site to the Palestinians, the Israeli government gave Sharon permission to visit the area. When alerted of his intentions, senior Palestinian figures, such as [[Yasser Arafat]], [[Saeb Erekat]], and [[Faisal Husseini]], all asked Sharon to call off his visit.<ref name="klein_jerusalemproblem_p98">{{cite book |author=Menachem Klein |title=The Jerusalem Problem: The Struggle for Permanent Status |publisher=[[University Press of Florida]] |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8130-2673-2 |page=98}}</ref>

Ten days earlier the Palestinians had observed their annual memorial day for the [[Sabra and Shatila massacre]], where thousands of [[Islam in Lebanon|Lebanese]] and [[Islam in Palestine|Palestinian Muslims]] were massacred by [[Lebanese Forces (militia)|Lebanese Forces]] supported by the Israeli military.<ref name="klein_jerusalemproblem_p98" /> The Israeli [[Kahan Commission]] had concluded that [[Ariel Sharon]], who was the Israeli Defense Minister during the Sabra and Shatila massacre, was found to bear personal responsibility<ref>{{cite book|last=Schiff|first=Ze'ev|author-link=Ze'ev Schiff|author2=Ehud Ya'ari|title=Israel's Lebanon War|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|year=1984|page=[https://archive.org/details/israelslebanonwa0000schi/page/284 284]|isbn=978-0-671-47991-6|url=https://archive.org/details/israelslebanonwa0000schi/page/284}}</ref> "for ignoring the danger of bloodshed and revenge" and "not taking appropriate measures to prevent bloodshed." Sharon's negligence in protecting the civilian population of Beirut, which had come under Israeli control, amounted to a ''non-fulfillment of a duty with which the Defence Minister was charged'', and it was recommended that Sharon be dismissed as Defence Minister. Sharon initially refused to resign, but after the death of an Israeli after a peace march, Sharon did resign as Defense minister, but remained in the Israeli cabinet.

The Palestinians condemned Sharon's visit to the Temple Mount as a provocation and an incursion, as were his armed bodyguards that arrived on the scene with him. Critics claim that Sharon knew that the visit could trigger violence, and that the purpose of his visit was political. According to one observer, Sharon, in walking on the Temple Mount, was "skating on the thinnest ice in the Arab-Israeli conflict."{{sfn|Shindler|2013|p=283}}

According to ''The New York Times'', many in the Arab world, including Egyptians, Palestinians, Lebanese and Jordanians, point to Sharon's visit as the beginning of the Second Intifada and derailment of the peace process.<ref>{{cite news |last=MacFarquhar |first=Neil |author-link=Neil MacFarquhar |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/05/international/middleeast/05cnd-arab.html |title=Few Kind Words for Sharon in the Arab World |date=5 January 2006 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=28 September 2014 |archive-date=16 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216143022/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/05/international/middleeast/05cnd-arab.html |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Juliana Ochs, Sharon's visit 'symbolically instigated' the second intifada.<ref>{{cite book |author=Juliana Ochs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mBSe-JgwPqoC&pg=PA6 |title=Security and Suspicion: An Ethnography of Everyday Life in Israel |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |year=2011 |series=The Ethnography of Political Violence |isbn=978-0-8122-4291-1 |page=6 |access-date=12 December 2015 |archive-date=2 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102113652/https://books.google.com/books?id=mBSe-JgwPqoC&pg=PA6 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Marwan Barghouti]] said that although Sharon's provocative actions were a rallying point for Palestinians, the Second Intifada would have erupted even had he not visited the Temple Mount.<ref>{{cite book |last=Goldberg |first=Jeffrey |title=Prisoners: A Story of Friendship and Terror |location=New York |publisher=[[Vintage Books]] |date=2008 |page=258}}</ref>

====Post-visit Palestinian riots====
On 29 September 2000, the day after Sharon's visit, following Friday prayers, large riots broke out around the [[Old City of Jerusalem]]. Israeli police fired at Palestinians at the Temple Mount throwing stones over the [[Western Wall]] at Jewish worshippers. After the chief of Jerusalem's police force was knocked unconscious by a stone, they switched to live ammunition and killed four Palestinian youths.{{sfn|Shindler|2013|p=283}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sontag |first1=Deborah |title=Battle at Jerusalem Holy Site Leaves 4 Dead and 200 Hurt |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/30/world/battle-at-jerusalem-holy-site-leaves-4-dead-and-200-hurt.html |access-date=14 November 2014 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=30 September 2000 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129070952/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/30/world/battle-at-jerusalem-holy-site-leaves-4-dead-and-200-hurt.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dellios |first1=Hugh |title=4 Dead, Scores Wounded in Jerusalem Clashes |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2000/09/30/4-dead-scores-wounded-in-jerusalem-clashes/ |access-date=14 November 2014 |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=30 September 2000 |location=Jerusalem |quote=police clashed with stone-throwing Palestinians, killing four and wounding scores |archive-date=28 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128195316/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2000-09-30/news/0009300071_1_palestinian-police-officer-jerusalem-clashes-temple-mount |url-status=live}}</ref> Up to 200 Palestinians and police were injured.<ref name=cnn20000929>{{cite news |title=CNN's Jerrold Kessel on continuing violence in the Mideast |url=http://edition.cnn.com/chat/transcripts/2000/9/29/kessel/ |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=29 September 2000 |access-date=28 September 2014 |archive-date=19 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919100942/http://edition.cnn.com/chat/transcripts/2000/9/29/kessel/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Another three Palestinians were killed in the Old City and on the [[Mount of Olives]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Menachem Klein |title=The Jerusalem Problem: The Struggle for Permanent Status |publisher=[[University Press of Florida]] |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8130-2673-2 |pages=97–98}}</ref> By the end of the day, seven Palestinians had been killed and 300 had been wounded;<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite book |author=Menachem Klein |title=The Jerusalem Problem: The Struggle for Permanent Status |publisher=[[University Press of Florida]] |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8130-2673-2 |page=97}}</ref> 70 Israeli policemen were also injured in the clashes.<ref name="klein_jerusalemproblem_p98" /><ref>{{cite web |date=19 October 2000 |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/041/2000/en/ |title=Israel and the Occupied Territories: Excessive use of lethal force |publisher=[[Amnesty International]] |access-date=19 November 2018 |archive-date=22 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122054850/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/041/2000/en/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

In the days that followed, demonstrations erupted all over the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]]. Israeli police responded with live fire and rubber-coated bullets. In the first five days, at least 47 Palestinians were killed, and 1,885 were wounded.<ref name="autogenerated2" /> In Paris, as [[Jacques Chirac]] attempted to mediate between the parties, he protested to Barak that the ratio of Palestinians and Israelis killed and wounded on one day were such that he could not convince anyone the Palestinians were the aggressors. He also told Barak that "continu(ing) to fire from helicopters on people throwing rocks" and refusing an international inquiry was tantamount to rejecting Arafat's offer to participate in trilateral negotiations.<ref>{{cite book |author=Gilead Sher |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EdgAWFiDryMC&pg=PA162 |title=The Israeli–Palestinian Peace Negotiations, 1999–2001: Within Reach |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-7146-8542-7 |pages=161–162 |author-link=Gilead Sher |access-date=12 December 2015 |archive-date=2 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102113652/https://books.google.com/books?id=EdgAWFiDryMC&pg=PA162 |url-status=live }}: "Your account of events does not match the impression of any country in the world," he said. "At Camp David, Israel did in fact make a significant step towards peace, but Sharon's visit was the detonator, and everything has exploded. This morning, sixty-four Palestinians are dead, nine Israeli-Arabs were also killed, and you're pressing on. You cannot, Mr Prime Minister, explain this ratio in the number of [killed and] wounded. You cannot make anyone believe that the Palestinians are the aggressors....When I was a company commander in Algeria, I also thought I was right. I fought the guerillas. Later I realized I was wrong. It is the honour of the strong, to reach out and not to shoot. Today you must reach out your hand. If you continue to fire from helicopters on people throwing rocks, and you continue to refuse an international inquiry, you are turning down a gesture from Arafat. You have no idea how hard I pushed Arafat to agree to a trilateral meeting. ...'</ref> During the first few days of riots, the IDF fired approximately 1.3&nbsp;million bullets.<ref>Earlier estimates gave a million bullets and projectiles shot by Israeli forces in the first few days, 700,000 in the West Bank and 300,000 in the Gaza Strip. See Ben Kaspit, "Jewish New Year 2002—the Second Anniversary of the Intifada," ''[[Maariv]]'' 6 September 2002 (Heb), in Cheryl Rubenberg, ''The Palestinians: In Search of a Just Peace'', [[Lynne Rienner Publishers]], 2003 p. 324, p. 361 n. 5. The figure was revealed by [[Amos Malka]], then-director of Military Intelligence. [[Moshe Ya'alon]], who later became the Israeli Chief of Staff, denied the 1.3&nbsp;million figure, claiming that the number reflected the demand of the command units for supplemental ammunition. {{cite news |last=Pedatzur |first=Reuven |date=4 December 2008 |title=Deflater of defeatist discourse |url=http://www.haaretz.com/deflater-of-defeatist-discourse-1.258857 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219170311/http://www.haaretz.com/deflater-of-defeatist-discourse-1.258857 |archive-date=19 December 2014 |access-date=28 September 2014 |work=[[Haaretz]]}}</ref>

According to [[Amnesty International]] the early Palestinian casualties were those taking part in demonstrations or bystanders. Amnesty further states that approximately 80% of the Palestinians killed during the first month were in demonstrations where Israeli security services lives were not in danger.<ref name="Amnesty International">{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/MDE15/083/2001/en |title=Israel and the Occupied Territories: Broken Lives – A Year of Intifada |date=13 November 2001 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]] |access-date=4 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329030342/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/MDE15/083/2001/en |archive-date=29 March 2014}}</ref>

On 30 September 2000, the death of [[Muhammad al-Durrah incident|Muhammad al-Durrah]], a Palestinian boy shot dead while sheltering behind his father in an alley in the Gaza Strip, was caught on video. Initially the boy's death and his father's wounding was attributed to Israeli soldiers. The scene assumed iconic status, as it was shown around the world and repeatedly broadcast on Arab television. The Israeli army initially assumed responsibility for the killing and apologised, and only retracted 2 months later, when an internal investigation cast doubt on the original version, and controversy subsequently raged as to whether indeed the IDF had fired the shots or Palestinian factions were responsible for the fatal gunshots.<ref>Nitzan Ben-Shaul, [https://books.google.com/books?id=QFBiclfUJ04C&pg=PA118 ''A Violent World: TV News Images of Middle Eastern Terror and War''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819201558/https://books.google.com/books?id=QFBiclfUJ04C&pg=PA118 |date=19 August 2020 }} [[Rowman & Littlefield]], 6 March 2007 pp.118–120.</ref>

====October 2000 events====
[[File:Andartnazareth.jpg|thumb|Monument to Israeli Arab casualties in October 2000 riots, Nazareth]]
{{Main|October 2000 events}}
The "October 2000 events" refers to several days of disturbances and clashes within Israel, mostly between [[Arab citizens of Israel|Arab citizens]] and the [[Israel police]], as well as large-scale rioting by both Arabs and Jews. Twelve Arab citizens of Israel and a Palestinian from the Gaza Strip were killed by Israeli police, while an Israeli Jew was killed when his car was hit by a rock on the [[Highway 2 (Israel)|Tel-Aviv-Haifa freeway]].<!-- both sentences supported by Catigani --> During the first month of the Intifada, 141 Palestinians were killed and 5,984 were wounded, while 12 Israelis were killed and 65 wounded.<ref name="Catignani">{{cite book |last1=Catignani |first1=Sergio |year=2008 |chapter=The Al-Aqsa Intifada |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mfNBodDl0hgC&pg=PA105 |title=Israeli Counter-Insurgency and the Intifadas: Dilemmas of a Conventional Army |publisher=[[Routledge]] |pages=104–106 |isbn=978-1-134-07997-1 |access-date=3 October 2016 |archive-date=23 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223214612/https://books.google.com/books?id=mfNBodDl0hgC&pg=PA105 |url-status=live }}</ref>

A general strike and demonstrations across northern Israel began on 1 October and continued for several days. In some cases, the demonstrations escalated into clashes with the [[Israel police|Israeli police]] involving [[Palestinian stone throwing|rock-throwing]], [[Molotov cocktail|firebombing]], and live-fire. Policemen used tear-gas and opened fire with [[rubber bullet|rubber-coated bullets]] and later live ammunition in some instances, many times in contravention of police protocol governing riot-dispersion. This use of live ammunition was directly linked with many of the deaths by the [[Or Commission]].

On 8 October, thousands of Jewish Israelis participated in violent acts in Tel Aviv and elsewhere, some throwing stones at Arabs, destroying Arab property and chanting "Death to the Arabs."<ref>{{cite news |date=19 November 2001 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/the-or-inquiry-summary-of-events-1.291940 |title=The Or Inquiry – Summary of Events |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |access-date=28 September 2014 |archive-date=19 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419015517/http://www.haaretz.com/the-or-inquiry-summary-of-events-1.291940 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Following the riots, a high degree of tension between Jewish and Arab citizens and distrust between the Arab citizens and police were widespread. An investigation committee, headed by Supreme Court Justice [[Theodor Or]], reviewed the violent riots and found that the police were poorly prepared to handle such riots and charged major officers with bad conduct. The [[Or Commission]] reprimanded Prime Minister [[Ehud Barak]] and recommended [[Shlomo Ben-Ami]], then the Internal Security Minister, not serve again as Minister of Public Security. The committee also blamed Arab leaders and Knesset members for contributing to inflaming the atmosphere and making the violence more severe.

====Ramallah lynching and Israeli response====
{{Main|2000 Ramallah lynching}}
On 12 October, PA police arrested two Israeli reservists who had accidentally entered [[Ramallah]], where in the preceding weeks a hundred Palestinians had been killed, nearly two dozen of them minors.<ref>Eve Spangler, [https://books.google.com/books?id=v2AICgAAQBAJ&pg=PA183 ''Understanding Israel/Palestine: Race, Nation, and Human Rights in the Conflict''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820002151/https://books.google.com/books?id=v2AICgAAQBAJ&pg=PA183 |date=20 August 2020 }} Springer, 2015 p.183</ref> Rumours quickly spread that Israeli undercover agents were in the building, and an angry crowd of more than 1,000 Palestinians gathered in front of the station calling for their death. Both soldiers were beaten, stabbed, and disembowelled, and one body was set on fire. An Italian television crew captured the killings on video and then broadcast the tape internationally.<ref name="BBClynch">{{cite news |last=Asser |first=Martin |date=13 October 2000 |title=Lynch mob's brutal attack |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/969778.stm |url-status=live |access-date=3 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080129215716/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/969778.stm |archive-date=29 January 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Levy |first=Gideon |author-link=Gideon Levy |date=20 October 2000 |title=A conversation with Colonel Kamel al-Sheikh, Ramallah's chief of police, amid the ruins of his police station, where two Israeli soldiers were lynched by an angry mob last week |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |url=http://home.mindspring.com/~fontenelles/Levy2.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010804004210/http://home.mindspring.com/~fontenelles/Levy2.htm |archive-date=4 August 2001}}</ref> A British journalist had his camera destroyed by rioters as he attempted to take a picture. The brutality of the killings shocked the Israeli public, who saw it as proof of a deep-seated Palestinian hatred of Israel and Jews.<ref>{{cite web |last=Feldman |first=Shai |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/sa/v3n3p7.html |title=The October Violence: An Interim Assessment |publisher=Jaffes Center for Strategic Studies |work=Strategic Assessment |volume=3 |number=3 |date=November 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010629075844/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/sa/v3n3p7.html |archive-date=29 June 2001 }}</ref> In response, Israel launched a series of retaliatory air-strikes against Palestinian Authority targets in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The police station where the lynching had taken place was evacuated and destroyed in these operations.<ref name="revenge">{{cite news |title=A day of rage, revenge and bloodshed |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/1370229/A-day-of-rage%2C-revenge-and-bloodshed.html |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171014065726/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/1370229/A-day-of-rage-revenge-and-bloodshed.html |archive-date=14 October 2017 |date=13 October 2000 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=28 September 2014 |first=Alan |last=Philps}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Israeli copters retaliate for soldiers' deaths |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/mideast.htm#readmore |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011123225843/http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/mideast.htm |archive-date=23 November 2001 |date=8 November 2000 |work=[[USA Today]] |access-date=2009-07-03 }}</ref> Israel later tracked down and arrested those responsible for killing the soldiers.

====November–December 2000====
Clashes between Israeli forces and Palestinians increased sharply on 1 November, when three Israeli soldiers and six Palestinians were killed, and four IDF soldiers and 140 Palestinians were wounded. In subsequent days, casualties increased as the IDF attempted to restore order, with clashes occurring every day in November. A total of 122 Palestinians and 22 Israelis were killed. On 27 November, the first day of [[Ramadan]], Israel eased restrictions on the passage of goods and fuel through the [[Karni crossing]]. That same day, the Jerusalem settlement of [[Gilo]] came under Palestinian heavy machine gun fire from [[Beit Jala]]. Israel tightened restrictions a week later, and Palestinians continued to clash with the IDF and Israeli settlers, with a total of 51 Palestinians and 8 Israelis killed in December.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mideastweb.org/second_intifada_timeline.htm |title=Time Line of Second (Al-Aqsa) Intifada |publisher=MidEastWeb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217164830/http://mideastweb.org/second_intifada_timeline.htm |archive-date=17 December 2008}}</ref> In a last attempt by the Clinton administration to achieve a peace deal between Israelis and Palestinians, a summit was planned in Sharm el-Sheikh in December. However, Israeli Prime Minister Barak decided not to attend after the Palestinians delayed their acceptance of the [[Clinton Parameters]].<ref>CNN, 27 December 2000, [https://edition.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/12/27/mideast.06/ "Mideast summit in Egypt called off"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118095434/https://edition.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/12/27/mideast.06/ |date=18 November 2021 }}</ref>