Editing Separatism (section)

===<span class="anchor" id="Religion"></span><span class="anchor" id="Religious"></span> Religious separatism===
{{Original research section|date=November 2015}}
{{see also|Ecclesiastical separatism}}
[[File:Thousands-Sikhs-protest-in-London.jpg|thumb|190px|[[Sikhism in the United Kingdom|Sikhs]] in [[London]] protesting against the Indian government]]

[[Religion|Religious]] separatist groups and sects want to withdraw from some larger religious groups and/or believe they should interact primarily with coreligionists:{{Citation needed|date=May 2013}}
* [[English Dissenters|English Christians]] in the 16th and 17th centuries who wished to separate from the [[Church of England]] and form independent local churches were influential politically under [[Oliver Cromwell]], who was himself a separatist. They were eventually called [[Congregationalists]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9042265/Separatist#277127.hook|title=Encyclopædia Britannica on religious separatists|access-date=2008-05-07|archive-date=2008-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012162956/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9042265/Separatist#277127.hook|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Pilgrim (Plymouth Colony)|Pilgrims]] who established the first successful colony in [[New England]] were separatists.<ref>{{cite book|first=John Abbot|last=Goodwin|title=The Pilgrim republic: an historical review of the colony of New Plymouth|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company|year=1888|url=https://archive.org/details/pilgrimrepublic01goodgoog|quote=pilgrims.|page=[https://archive.org/details/pilgrimrepublic01goodgoog/page/n70 1]}}</ref>
* Christian separatist groups in [[Maluku Sovereignty Front|Indonesia]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/2202709.stm|title=Christian separatist on trial in Indonesia|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|work=[[BBC]]|date=August 19, 2002|access-date=August 24, 2009|archive-date=November 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104011140/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/2202709.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Chris|last=Brummitt|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-51830871.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215084940/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-51830871.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 15, 2011|title=Christian separatist leader threatens to raise independence flags in Maluku|publisher= [[Associated Press]]|date= April 5, 2002}}</ref> India<ref>{{cite web|first=Syed Zarir|last=Hussain|url=http://www.mail-archive.com/goanet@goacom.com/msg03883.html|title=Christian separatist group in Tripura target tribal Hindus|work=Indo-Asian News Service|date=December 31, 2002|access-date=August 24, 2009|archive-date=November 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104085512/https://www.mail-archive.com/goanet@goacom.com/msg03883.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[South Carolina]] (United States)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.venturacountystar.com/news/2007/jun/09/no-headline---le1fcbottom09/?printer=1/|title=Christian separatist ready for new home|work=Ventura County Star|date=June 9, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806181815/http://www.vcstar.com/news/2007/jun/09/no-headline---le1fcbottom09/?printer=1%2F|archive-date=August 6, 2012|df=mdy|access-date=February 20, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wistv.com/Global/story.asp?S=3956568&nav=0RaP|title=Colorado Rep. disavows ties to SC Christian separatist group|agency=Associated Press|date=October 9, 2005|access-date=August 24, 2009|archive-date=September 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913114834/http://www.wistv.com/Global/story.asp?S=3956568&nav=0RaP|url-status=dead}}</ref> 
* [[Zionism]] sought the creation of the [[State of Israel]] as a [[Jewish]] homeland, with separation from [[gentile]] Palestinians. [[Simon Dubnow]], who had mixed feelings toward Zionism, formulated [[Jewish Autonomism]], which was adopted in eastern Europe by Jewish political parties such as the [[General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia|Bund]] and his own [[Folkspartei]] before World War II.<ref>{{cite book|first=Koppel S.|last=Pinson|title=Simon Dubnow|pages=13–69|date=1958}}</ref> Zionism can also be seen as somewhat ethnic too, however, as its definition of who is Jewish has often included people of Jewish background who do not practice the Jewish religion. It is further complicated as some who had ancestors who converted to Judaism, such as some Ethiopian Jews, may not share ethnic history with the Jews, however, are considered to be so but not without debate.<ref name="lucotte1999">{{Cite journal|author=Lucotte G, Smets P |title=Origins of Falasha Jews studied by haplotypes of the Y chromosome |journal=Human Biology |volume=71 |issue=6 |pages=989–993 |date=December 1999 |pmid=10592688|last2=Smets}}</ref>

[[File:MILF militant lying prone.jpg|thumb|190px|[[Moro Islamic Liberation Front]] fighter in the Philippines]]

* The [[Partition of India]] and (later Pakistan and [[Bangladesh]]) arose as a result of separatism on the part of Muslims.
* [[Sikh]]s in India sought an independent nation of [[Khalistan]] after an agitation in the 1970s and 1980s for implementation of the [[Anandpur Resolution|Anandpur Sahib Resolution]] (demanding things such as a greater share of river water and autonomy for Punjab) resulted in the storming of the Harimandir Sahib (Golden Temple) by the Government of India troops in 1984. The storming of the temple to flush out Sikh Militants who were gaining momentum in their agitation for greater autonomy for Punjab resulted in Sikhs demanding an independent state for the Sikhs situated in Punjab known as [[Khalistan movement|Khalistan]]. The conflict escalated and led to an assassination of the [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Indira Gandhi]] as a retaliation of an Indian military operation called 'Operation Blue Star' directed against the Sikhs' holiest shrine, the Golden Temple, in which many innocent Sikh civilians too died. The revenge murder of Gandhi evoked a Congress Party led backlash in the form of the Sikh genocide, which started in New Delhi and swept India in November 1984. That only further strengthened the Khalistan Movement, but it was largely subdued owing to the efforts of the police in Punjab. The controversial response by the Punjab State reportedly involved the use of human rights violations in the form of unexplained disappearances, faked encounters killings, rape and torture. However, many in the Sikh diaspora in the West and even Sikhs in India, still support the idea of Khalistan, but support has been dying since the 90's due to heavy Anti-Khalistan propaganda pushed by the Indian government, and fear of being targeted or killed for supporting Khalistan.<ref>{{cite web|first=Blbir|last=Punj|url=http://www.sikhtimes.com/news_061605a.html|title=The Ghost of Khalistan|work=Sikh Times|date=June 16, 2006|access-date=July 5, 2008|archive-date=December 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204053015/http://www.sikhtimes.com/news_061605a.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Muslim separatist groups in the [[Philippines]] ([[Mindanao]] and other regions: [[Moro Islamic Liberation Front]], [[Abu Sayyaf]]), in [[Thailand]] (see also [[South Thailand insurgency]]), in [[India]] (see also [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]]), in the [[People's Republic of China]] ([[Xinjiang]]: [[East Turkestan Islamic Movement]]), [[Tanzania]] ([[Zanzibar]]ian separatist movements), in the [[Central African Republic]] (Regions that are inhabited by Muslims: [[Séléka]]), in [[Russia]] (in the [[Northern Caucasus]], especially in [[Chechnya]]: [[Caucasus Emirate]]), in [[Yugoslavia]] ([[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]: [[Alija Izetbegovic]] espoused an Islamic inspired separatism)