Editing Sexual stimulation (section)

===Visual===
Perhaps the most researched non-tactile form of sexual stimulation is visual sexual stimulation.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Arnow |first1=Bruce A. |last2=Desmond |first2=John E. |last3=Banner |first3=Linda L. |last4=Glover |first4=Gary H. |last5=Solomon |first5=Ari |last6=Polan |first6=Mary Lake |author-link6=Mary Lake Polan |last7=Atlas |first7=Scott William |author-link7=Scott Atlas |last8=Lue |first8=Tom F. |year=2002 |title=Brain activation and sexual arousal in healthy, heterosexual males |url=https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/125/5/1014/328126?login=false |journal=[[Brain (journal)|Brain]] |volume=125 |issue=5 |pages=1014–1023 |doi=10.1093/brain/awf108 |issn=1460-2156 |oclc=8254606391 |pmid=11960892 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Karama |first1=Sherif |last2=Lecours |first2=André Roch |last3=Leroux |first3=Jean-Maxime |last4=Bourgouin |first4=Pierre |last5=Beaudoin |first5=Gilles |last6=Joubert |first6=Sven |last7=Beauregard |first7=Mario |author-link7=Mario Beauregard |year=2002 |title=Areas of brain activation in males and females during viewing of erotic film excerpts |journal=[[Human Brain Mapping]] |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=1–13 |doi=10.1002/hbm.10014 |issn=1065-9471 |oclc=5153773005 |pmc=6871831 |pmid=11870922 |s2cid=18912925 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rupp |first1=Heather A. |last2=Wallen |first2=Kim |year=2008 |title=Sex differences in response to visual sexual stimuli: A review |journal=[[Archives of Sexual Behavior]] |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=206–218 |doi=10.1007/s10508-007-9217-9 |issn=0004-0002 |oclc=264113859 |pmc=2739403 |pmid=17668311}}</ref> An apparent example is the act of [[voyeurism]]{{snd}}a practice where an individual covertly watches another undress or engage in sexual behaviour. Although seen socio-historically as an unacceptable form of '[[Paraphilia|sexual deviation]]', it highlights the human tendency to find sexual stimulation through purely visual routes. The multibillion-dollar [[porn]] industry is another example. A common presumption is that men respond more strongly to visual sexual stimuli than do women. This is perhaps best exemplified by the [[Alfred Kinsey|Kinsey]] hypothesis that men are more prone to sexual arousal from visual stimulation than are women.<ref>Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., Martin, C. E., & Sloan, S. (1948). [[Sexual behavior in the human male]].</ref><ref>Mulvey, L. (1989). [http://theslideprojector.com/pdffiles/art6/visualpleasureandnarrativecinema.pdf Visual pleasure and narrative cinema]. In ''Visual and other pleasures'' (pp. 14-26). Palgrave Macmillan UK.</ref> Nonetheless, both sexes can be sexually aroused through visual stimulation. In one study, visual stimulation was tested by means of an erotic video. Although significantly higher in the male group, sexual arousal was the main emotional reaction reported by both sexes. Their physiological responses to the video also showed characteristics of sexual arousal, such as increased urinary excretions of [[Epinephrine|adrenaline]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Levi | first1 = L | year = 1969 | title = Sympatho-adrenomedullary activity, diuresis, and emotional reactions during visual sexual stimulation in human females and males | journal = Psychosomatic Medicine | volume = 31 | issue = 3| pages = 251–268 | doi=10.1097/00006842-196905000-00005| pmid = 5790114 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.564.5354 | s2cid = 19788356 }}</ref> A subsequent study investigating male arousal showed that men were able to achieve rigid [[erection]]s through visual stimulation of an erotic film alone.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lee | first1 = B. | last2 = Sikka | first2 = S. C. | last3 = Randrup | first3 = E. R. | last4 = Villemarette | first4 = P. | last5 = Baum | first5 = N. | last6 = Hower | first6 = J. F. | last7 = Hellstrom | first7 = W. J. | year = 1993 | title = Standardization of penile blood flow parameters in normal men using intracavernous prostaglandin E1 and visual sexual stimulation | journal = The Journal of Urology | volume = 149 | issue = 1| pages = 49–52 | doi=10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35996-7| pmid = 8417216 }}</ref>

Studies that use visual stimulation as a means for sexual stimulation find that sexual arousal is predominantly correlated with an activation in [[Limbic system|limbic]] and [[paralimbic cortex]] and in [[Cerebral cortex|subcortical]] structures, along with a deactivation in several parts of the [[temporal cortex]]. These same areas are activated during physical sexual stimulation, highlighting how powerful visual stimulation can be as a means of [[sexual arousal]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Holstege | first1 = G. | last2 = Georgiadis | first2 = J. R. | last3 = Paans | first3 = A. M. | last4 = Meiners | first4 = L. C. | last5 = van der Graaf | first5 = F. H. | last6 = Reinders | first6 = A. S. | year = 2003 | title = Brain activation during human male ejaculation | journal = The Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 23 | issue = 27| pages = 9185–9193 | doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-27-09185.2003 | pmid = 14534252 | pmc = 6740826 }}</ref>