Editing Shakespeare's sonnets (section)

====Fair Youth====<!-- This section is linked from William Shakespeare and from Oxfordian theory-->
The "Fair Youth" is the unnamed young man addressed by the poet in Sonnets [[Sonnet 1|1]]–[[Sonnet 126|126]]. The young man is handsome, self-centred, universally admired and much sought after. The sequence begins with the poet urging the young man to marry and father children (sonnets 1–17). It continues with the friendship developing with the poet's loving admiration, which at times is homoerotic in nature. Then comes a set of betrayals by the young man, as he is seduced by the Dark Lady, and they maintain a liaison (sonnets 133, 134 & 144), all of which the poet struggles to abide. It concludes with the poet's own act of betrayal, resulting in his independence from the fair youth (sonnet 152).<ref>Hammond. ''The Reader and the Young Man Sonnets''.  Barnes & Noble. 1981. p. 2. {{ISBN|978-1-349-05443-5}}</ref><ref name="duncan-jones" />{{rp|93}}<ref name="auto2">Hubler, Edward. ''Shakespeare's Songs and Poems''. McGraw HIll. 1964. p. xl</ref>

The identity of the Fair Youth has been the subject of speculation among scholars. One popular theory is that he was [[Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton|Henry Wriothesley]], the 3rd Earl of Southampton; this is based in part on the idea that his physical features, age, and personality might fairly match the young man in the sonnets.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Shakespeare's Sonnets|last=Sarker|first=Sunil|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|year=2006|isbn=8171567258|location=New Delhi|pages=87, 89}}</ref> He was both an admirer and patron of Shakespeare and was considered one of the most prominent nobles of the period.<ref>{{Cite book|title=William Stanley as Shakespeare: Evidence of Authorship by the Sixth Earl of Derby|last=Rollett|first=John|publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers|year=2015|isbn=978-0786496600|location=Jefferson, NC|pages=108}}</ref> It is also noted that Shakespeare's 1593 poem ''[[Venus and Adonis (Shakespeare poem)|Venus and Adonis]]'' is dedicated to Southampton and, in that poem a young man, Adonis, is encouraged by the goddess of love, Venus, to beget a child, which is a theme in the sonnets. Here are the verses from ''Venus and Adonis'':<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Apocryphal William Shakespeare: Book One of A 'Third Way' Shakespeare Authorship Scenario|last=Feldman|first=Sabrina|publisher=Dog Ear Publishing|year=2011|isbn=978-1457507212|location=Indianapolis, IN|page=110}}</ref>

{{Numbered verses|first=163|
Torches are made to light, jewels to wear,
Dainties to taste, fresh beauty for the use,
Herbs for their smell, and sappy plants to bear;
Things growing to themselves are growth's abuse,
{{pad|1em}}Seeds spring from seeds, and beauty breedeth beauty;
{{pad|1em}}Thou wast begot; to get it is thy duty.

Upon the earth's increase why shouldst thou feed,
Unless the earth with thy increase be fed?
By law of nature thou art bound to breed,
That thine may live when thou thyself art dead;
{{pad|1em}}And so in spite of death thou dost survive,
{{pad|1em}}In that thy likeness still is left alive.
| ''Venus and Adonis''<ref>Duncan-Jones, Katherine. Woudhuysen, H. R. eds. Shakespeare, William. ''Shakespeare's Poems: Third Series''. Arden Shakespeare. (28 September 2007) lines 163–174 {{ISBN|978-1903436875}}</ref>}}

A problem with identifying the fair youth with Southampton is that the most certainly datable events referred to in the Sonnets are the fall of Essex and then the gunpowder plotters' executions in 1606, which puts Southampton at the age of 33, and then 39 when the sonnets were published, when he would be past the age when he would be referred to as a "lovely boy" or "fair youth".<ref name="duncan-jones" />{{rp|52}}

Authors such as [[Thomas Tyrwhitt]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Poems of William Shakespeare|last1=Shakespeare|first1=William|last2=Bell|first2=Robert|publisher=John W. Parker and Son West Strand|year=1855|location=London|page=163}}</ref> and [[Oscar Wilde]] proposed that the Fair Youth was William Hughes, a seductive young actor who played female roles in Shakespeare's plays. Particularly, Wilde claimed that he was the Mr. W.H.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Lord Arthur Savile ́s Crime – The Portrait of Mr. W. H. and other Stories|last=Wilde|first=Oscar|publisher=Outlook|year=2018|isbn=978-3732658817|location=Main, Germany|pages=82–83, 87}}</ref> referred to in the dedication attached to the manuscript of the Sonnets.<ref name=":0" />