Editing Signaling game (section)

===Philosophy===
The first signaling game was the [[Lewis signaling game]], which occurred in [[David K. Lewis]]' Ph. D. dissertation (and later book) ''Convention''. See<ref>{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=D. |year=1969 |title=Convention. A Philosophical Study |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge }}</ref>  Replying to [[W.V.O. Quine]],<ref>{{cite book |author-link=W.V.O. Quine |last=Quine |first=W. V. O. |year=1936 |chapter=Truth by Convention |title=Philosophical Essays for Alfred North Whitehead |pages=90–124 |publisher=Longmans, Green & Co. |location=London |isbn=978-0-8462-0970-6 }} (Reprinting)</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Quine |first=W. V. O. |year=1960 |title=Carnap and Logical Truth |journal=Synthese |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=350–374 |doi=10.1007/BF00485423 }}</ref> Lewis attempts to develop a theory of [[convention (norm)|convention]] and [[meaning (linguistics)|meaning]] using signaling games.  In his most extreme comments, he suggests that understanding the equilibrium properties of the appropriate signaling game captures all there is to know about meaning:

:I have now described the character of a case of signaling without mentioning the meaning of the signals: that two lanterns meant that the redcoats were coming by sea or whatever. But nothing important seems to have been left unsaid, so what has been said must somehow imply that the signals have their meanings.<ref>Lewis (1969), p. 124.</ref>

The use of signaling games has been continued in the philosophical literature. Others have used [[evolutionary game theory|evolutionary models]] of signaling games to describe the emergence of language. Work on the emergence of language in simple signaling games includes models by Huttegger,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Huttegger |first=S. M. |year=2007 |title=Evolution and the Explanation of Meaning |journal=[[Philosophy of Science (journal)|Philosophy of Science]] |volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=1–24 |doi=10.1086/519477 }}</ref> Grim, ''et al.'',<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grim |first1=P. |first2=T. |last2=Kokalis |first3=A. |last3=Alai-Tafti |first4=N. |last4=Kilb |first5=Paul |last5=St. Denis |year=2001 |chapter=Making Meaning Happen |title=Technical Report #01-02 |series=Stony Brook: Group for Logic and Formal Semantics SUNY, Stony Brook }}</ref> Skyrms,<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Brian Skyrms |last=Skyrms |first=B. |year=1996 |title=Evolution of the Social Contract |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-55471-8 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author-link=Brian Skyrms|last=Skyrms |first=B. |year=2010 |title=Signals Evolution, Learning & Information|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn= 978-0-19-958082-8 }}</ref> and Zollman.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Zollman |first=K. J. S. |year=2005 |title=Talking to Neighbors: The Evolution of Regional Meaning |journal=Philosophy of Science |volume=72 |issue=1 |pages=69–85 |doi=10.1086/428390 }}</ref>  Harms,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Harms |first=W. F. |year=2000 |title=Adaption and Moral Realism |journal=Biology and Philosophy |volume=15 |issue=5 |pages=699–712 |doi=10.1023/A:1006661726993 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Harms |first=W. F. |year=2004 |title=Information and Meaning in Evolutionary Processes |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-81514-7 }}</ref> and Huttegger,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Huttegger |first=S. M. |year=2005 |title=Evolutionary Explanations of Indicatives and Imperatives |journal=Erkenntnis |volume=66 |issue=3 |pages=409–436 |doi=10.1007/s10670-006-9022-1 }}</ref> have attempted to extend the study to include the distinction between [[Norm (philosophy)|normative]] and descriptive language.