Editing Social skills (section)

=== Anti-social behaviors ===
{{Main|Psychopathy in the workplace||Narcissism in the workplace|Anti-social behaviour}}

The authors of the book ''[[Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go to Work]]'' explore psychopathy in workplace. The FBI consultants describe a five phase model of how a typical [[psychopath]] climbs to and maintains [[Power (social and political)|power]]. Many traits exhibited by these individuals include: [[superficial charm]], insincerity, egocentricity, manipulativeness, grandiosity, lack of empathy, low agreeableness, exploitativeness, independence, rigidity, stubbornness and dictatorial tendencies. Babiak and Hare say for corporate psychopaths, success is defined as the best revenge and their problem behaviors are repeated "ad infinitum" due to little insight and their proto-emotions such as "anger, frustration, and rage" are [[Impression management|refracted]] as irresistible charm. The authors note that lack of [[emotional literacy]] and moral conscience is often confused with toughness, the ''ability'' to make hard decisions, and ''effective'' crisis management. Babiak and Hare also emphasizes a reality they identified with psychopaths from studies that psychopaths are not able to be influenced by any sort of therapy.<ref name=Snakes>Baibak, P; [[Robert D. Hare|Hare, R. D]] [[Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go to Work]] (2007)</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/news/snakes-in-suits-when-psychopaths-go-to-work/story-e6frg8no-1111112236244|title=Snakes In Suits: When Psychopaths Go To Work|date=22 September 2006}}</ref>

At the University at Buffalo in New York, Emily Grijalva has investigated [[narcissism]] in business; she found there are two forms of narcissism: "vulnerable" and "[[grandiose]]".<ref name="Haycock2014">{{cite book|author=Dean A. Haycock|title=Murderous Minds: Exploring the Criminal Psychopathic Brain: Neurological Imaging and the Manifestation of Evil|chapter=Successful, Unsuccessful, and Other Types of Psychopaths|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mQ_UAgAAQBAJ|date=4 March 2014|publisher=Pegasus Books|isbn=978-1-4804-4798-1}}</ref> It is her finding that "moderate" level of grandiose narcissism is linked to becoming an effective manager. Grandiose narcissists are characterized as confident; they possess unshakable belief that they are superior, even when it is unwarranted. They can be charming, pompous show-offs, and can also be selfish, exploitative and entitled.<ref>Emily Grijalva, [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270220807_Gender_Differences_in_Narcissism_A_Meta-Analytic_Review Gender Differences in Narcissism: A Meta-Analytic Review], Psychological Bulletin, December 2014.</ref> Jens Lange and Jan Crusius at the University of Cologne, Germany associates "malicious-benign" envy within narcissistic social climbers in workplace. It is their finding that grandiose narcissists are less prone to low self-esteem and neuroticism and are less susceptible to the anxiety and depression that can affect vulnerable narcissists when coupled with envy. They characterize vulnerable narcissists as those who "believe they are special, and want to be seen that way–but are just not that competent, or charming." As a result, their self-esteem fluctuates a lot. They tend to be self-conscious and passive, but also prone to outbursts of potentially violent aggression if their inflated self-image is threatened."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cengagesites.com/academic/assets/sites/schultz_ch04.pdf|title=Theory of Neurotic Needs}}</ref> [[Richard Boyatzis]] says this is an unproductive form of expression of emotions that the person cannot share constructively, which reflects lack of appropriate skills.<ref>HBR's 10 Must Reads on Collaboration</ref> Eddie Brummelman, a social and behavioral scientist at the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands and Brad Bushman at Ohio State University in Columbus says studies show that in western culture narcissism is on the rise from shifting focus on the self rather than on relationships and concludes all narcissism to be socially undesirable ("unhealthy feelings of superiority"). David Kealy at the University of British Columbia in Canada states that narcissism might aid temporarily but in the long run it is better to be true to oneself, have personal integrity, and be kind to others.<ref>New Scientist Magazine, 9 July 2016</ref>