Editing Soviet space program (section)

===World War II===
During World War II rocketry efforts were carried out by three Soviet [[OKB|design bureaus]].{{sfn|Siddiqi|2000|p=22}} RNII continued to develop and improve solid fuel rockets, including the RS-82 and RS-132 missiles and the Katyusha rocket launcher,{{sfn|Siddiqi|2000|p=17}} where Pobedonostsev and Tikhonravov continued to work on rocket design.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tikhonravov, Mikhail Klavdievich |url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/tikhonravov.html |website=Russian Space Web |access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref>{{sfn|Chertok|2005|p=207 Vol 1}} In 1944, RNII was renamed Scientific Research Institute No 1 (NII-I) and combined with design bureau OKB-293, led by Soviet engineer [[Viktor Bolkhovitinov]], which developed, with [[Aleksei Isaev]], [[Boris Chertok]], [[Leonid Voskresensky]] and [[Nikolay Pilyugin]] a short-range rocket powered interceptor called [[Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1]].{{sfn|Chertok|2005|pp=174, 207 Vol 1}}
[[File:Bereznyak-Isayev-1.jpg|thumb|The [[Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1|Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1 rocket powered interceptor]] was an early advancement in [[Soviet rocketry]] technology.]]
Special Design Bureau for Special Engines (OKB-SD) was led by Glushko and focused on developing auxiliary [[Liquid rocket|liquid-fueled rocket engines]] to [[JATO|assist takeoff]] and climbing of prop aircraft, including the RD-IKhZ, RD-2 and RD-3.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2000|p=15}} In 1944, the RD-1&nbsp;kHz auxiliary rocket motor was tested in a fast-climb [[La-7#La-7R|Lavochkin La-7R]] for protection of the capital from high-altitude ''Luftwaffe'' attacks.<ref>{{cite journal|date=November 1976|title=Last of the Wartime Lavochkins|journal=[[Air International]] |location=Bromley, Kent|volume=11|issue=5|pages=245–246}}</ref> In 1942 Korolev was transferred to OKB-SD, where he proposed development of the long range missiles D-1 and D-2.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2000|pp=15–17}}

The third design bureau was [[NPO Mashinostroyeniya|Plant No 51 (OKB-51)]], led by Soviet Ukrainian Engineer [[Vladimir Chelomey]], where he created the first Soviet [[Pulse jet engine|pulsating air jet]] engine in 1942, independently of similar contemporary developments in [[Nazi Germany]].{{sfn|Siddiqi|2000|pp=21–22}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Vladimir Nikolayevich |url=http://www.astronautix.com/c/chelomei.html |website=astronautix |access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref>