Editing Space syntax (section)

==Criticism==
Space syntax's mathematical reliability has come under scrutiny because of a seeming paradox that arises under certain geometric configurations with 'axial maps', one of the method's primary representations of spatial configuration. This paradox was proposed by [[Carlo Ratti]] at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]],<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ratti |first=C. |year=2004 |title=Space syntax: some inconsistencies |journal=Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=487–499|doi=10.1068/b3019 |bibcode=2004EnPlB..31..487R |s2cid=121044689 }}</ref> but comprehensively refuted in a passionate academic exchange with Bill Hillier and Alan Penn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hillier |first1=B. |last2=Penn |first2=A. |year=2004 |title=Rejoinder to Carlo Ratti |journal=Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=501–511|doi=10.1068/b3019a |bibcode=2004EnPlB..31..501H |s2cid=11859751 }}</ref> There have been moves to combine space syntax with more traditional [[transport engineering]] models, using intersections as nodes and constructing [[visibility graph]]s to link them, by researchers including [[Bin Jiang]], Valerio Cutini and [[Michael Batty]]. Recently there has also been research development that combines space syntax with geographic accessibility analysis in [[Geographic Information System|GIS]], such as the [[place syntax]]-models developed by the research group [[Spatial Analysis]] and Design at the [[Royal Institute of Technology]] in [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]]. A series of interdisciplinary works published in 2006 by [[Vito Latora]], [[Sergio Porta]] and colleagues,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Porta |first1=S. |last2=Crucitti |first2=P. |last3=Latora |first3=V. |year=2006 |title=The network analysis of urban streets: A dual approach |journal=Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications |volume=369 |issue=2 |pages=853–866 |doi=10.1016/j.physa.2005.12.063|arxiv=cond-mat/0411241 |bibcode=2006PhyA..369..853P |s2cid=15850293 }}</ref> proposing a network approach to street centrality analysis and design, have highlighted space syntax' contribution to decades of previous studies in the physics of spatial complex networks.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Boccaletti |first1=S. |last2=Latora |first2=V. |last3=Moreno |first3=Y. |last4=Chavez |first4=M. |last5=Hwang |first5=D. |year=2006 |title=Complex networks: Structure and dynamics |journal=Physics Reports |volume=424 |issue=4–5 |pages=175–308 |doi=10.1016/j.physrep.2005.10.009|bibcode=2006PhR...424..175B }}</ref>