Editing Spanish language (section)

=== Americas ===
==== Hispanic America ====
{{main|Spanish language in the Americas}}
Today, the majority of the Spanish speakers live in [[Hispanic America]]. Nationally, Spanish is the official language—either ''[[de facto]]'' or ''[[de jure]]''—of [[Argentina]], [[Bolivia]] (co-official with 36 indigenous languages), [[Chile]], [[Colombia]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Cuba]], [[Dominican Republic]], [[Ecuador]], [[El Salvador]], [[Guatemala]], [[Honduras]], [[Mexico]] (co-official with 63 indigenous languages), [[Nicaragua]], [[Panama]], [[Paraguay]] (co-official with [[Guarani language|Guaraní]]),<ref>[http://www.constitution.org/cons/paraguay.htm Constitución de la República del Paraguay] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908185557/http://www.constitution.org/cons/paraguay.htm |date=8 September 2014}}, Article 140</ref> [[Peru]] (co-official with [[Quechua language|Quechua]], [[Aymara language|Aymara]], and "the other indigenous languages"),<ref>[http://www.constitucionpoliticadelperu.com/ Constitución Política del Perú] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517192115/http://constitucionpoliticadelperu.com/ |date=17 May 2014}}, Article 48</ref> [[Puerto Rico]] (co-official with English),<ref>{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE1D8163AF93AA15752C0A965958260&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fSubjects%2fE%2fEnglish%20Language |title=Puerto Rico Elevates English |date=29 January 1993 |work=the New York Times |access-date=6 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080122011853/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE1D8163AF93AA15752C0A965958260&n=Top%2FReference%2FTimes%20Topics%2FSubjects%2FE%2FEnglish%20Language |archive-date=22 January 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Uruguay]], and [[Venezuela]].

====United States====
{{Main|Spanish language in the United States}}
{{See also|Spanish language in California|New Mexican Spanish|Isleño Spanish}}
[[File:Spanish spoken at home in the United States 2019.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|Percentage of the U.S. population aged 5 and over who speaks Spanish at home in 2019, by states]]
Spanish language has a long history in the territory of the current-day United States dating back to the 16th century.{{Sfn|Lamboy|Salgado-Robles|2020|p=1}} In the wake of the [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo|1848 Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty]], hundreds of thousands of Spanish speakers became a minoritized community in the United States.{{Sfn|Lamboy|Salgado-Robles|2020|p=1}} The 20th century saw further massive growth of Spanish speakers in areas where they had been hitherto scarce.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Spanish across Domains in the United States. Education, Public Space, and Social Media|editor-first=Francisco|editor-last=Salgado-Robles|editor-first2=Edwin M.|editor-last2=Lamboy|publisher=[[Brill (publisher)|Brill]]|isbn=978-90-04-43322-9|year=2020|location=Leiden|page=1|first1=Edwin M.|last1=Lamboy|first2=Francisco|last2=Salgado-Robles|chapter=Introduction: Spanish in the United States and across Domains}}</ref>

According to the 2020 census, over 60 million people of the U.S. population were of [[Hispanic]] or [[Hispanic America]]n by origin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html|title=Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census|date=12 August 2021|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|access-date=23 January 2021|archive-date=15 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815165418/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In turn, 41.8 million people in the United States aged five or older speak Spanish at home, or about 13% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Language%20Spoken%20at%20Home&tid=ACSST1Y2019.S1601|title=American Community Survey Explore Census Data|access-date=24 January 2022|archive-date=17 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017182821/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Language%20Spoken%20at%20Home&tid=ACSST1Y2019.S1601|url-status=live}}</ref> Spanish predominates in the unincorporated territory of [[Puerto Rico]], where it is also an official language along with English.

Spanish is by far the most common second language in the country, with over 50 million total speakers if non-native or second-language speakers are included.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elpais.com/articulo/cultura/speak/spanish/Espana/elpepucul/20081006elpepicul_1/Tes|title=Más 'speak spanish' que en España|access-date=6 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520111353/http://www.elpais.com/articulo/cultura/speak/spanish/Espana/elpepucul/20081006elpepicul_1/Tes|archive-date=20 May 2011|url-status=live}} (in Spanish)</ref> While English is the de facto national language of the country, Spanish is often used in public services and notices at the federal and state levels. Spanish is also used in administration in the state of [[New Mexico]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Crawford |first1=John |title=Language loyalties: a source book on the official English controversy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wLoJ31HXl40C&pg=PA62 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |year=1992 |page=62 |isbn=9780226120164 |access-date=14 November 2023 |archive-date=30 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130015012/https://books.google.com/books?id=wLoJ31HXl40C&pg=PA62 |url-status=live}}</ref> The language has a strong influence in major metropolitan areas such as those of [[Greater Los Angeles area|Los Angeles]], [[Miami metropolitan area|Miami]], [[San Antonio metropolitan area|San Antonio]], [[New York metropolitan area|New York]], [[San Francisco Bay Area|San Francisco]], [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex|Dallas]], [[Greater Tucson|Tucson]] and [[Phoenix metropolitan area|Phoenix]] of the [[Arizona Sun Corridor]], as well as more recently, [[Chicago metropolitan area|Chicago]], [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]], [[Greater Boston|Boston]], [[Greater Denver|Denver]], [[Greater Houston|Houston]], [[Greater Indianapolis|Indianapolis]], [[Greater Philadelphia|Philadelphia]], [[Greater Cleveland|Cleveland]], [[Greater Salt Lake City|Salt Lake City]], [[Greater Atlanta|Atlanta]], [[Greater Nashville|Nashville]], [[Greater Orlando|Orlando]], [[Greater Tampa|Tampa]], [[Greater Raleigh|Raleigh]] and [[Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area|Baltimore-Washington, D.C.]] due to 20th- and 21st-century immigration.

====Rest of the Americas====
Although Spanish has no official recognition in the former [[British overseas territories|British colony]] of [[Belize]] (known until 1973 as [[British Honduras]]) where English is the sole official language, according to the 2022 census, 54% of the total population are able to speak the language.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://sib.org.bz/wp-content/uploads/Languages_Infographic_2022.pdf|title=Languages spoken in Belize, 2022 Census|date=2022 |language=en |access-date=11 September 2024}}</ref>

Due to its proximity to Spanish-speaking countries and small existing [[Trinidadian Spanish|native Spanish speaking]] minority, [[Trinidad and Tobago]] has implemented Spanish language teaching into its education system. The Trinidadian and Tobagonian government launched the ''Spanish as a First Foreign Language'' (SAFFL) initiative in March 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tradeind.gov.tt/SIS/FAQ.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101103080637/http://www.tradeind.gov.tt/SIS/FAQ.htm |archive-date=3 November 2010 |title=FAQ |work=The Secretariat for The Implementation of Spanish |publisher=Government of the Republic |location=Trinidad and Tobago |access-date=10 January 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Spanish has historically had a significant presence on the [[Dutch Caribbean]] islands of [[Aruba]], [[Bonaire]] and [[Curaçao]] ([[ABC islands (Leeward Antilles)|ABC Islands]]) throughout the centuries and in present times. The majority of the populations of each island (especially Aruba) speaking Spanish at varying although often high degrees of fluency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Language and education on Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/300471435}}</ref> The local language [[Papiamento|Papiamentu]] (Papiamento on Aruba) is heavily influenced by Venezuelan Spanish.

In addition to sharing most of its borders with Spanish-speaking countries, the creation of [[Mercosur]] in the early 1990s induced a favorable situation for the promotion of Spanish language teaching in [[Brazil]].{{Sfn|Valle|Villa|2006|p=376}}<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.es/&httpsredir=1&article=1082&context=gc_pubs|title=Spanish in Brazil: Language Policy, Business, and Cultural Propaganda|first1=José del|last1=Valle |first2=Laura|last2=Villa |journal=Language Policy |year=2006|volume=5|issue=4 |doi=10.1007/s10993-006-9035-2|pages=376–377 |s2cid=144373408|access-date=5 February 2022 |archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124020917/https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.es%2F&httpsredir=1&article=1082&context=gc_pubs|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In 2005, the [[National Congress of Brazil]] approved a bill, signed into law by the [[President of Brazil|President]], making it mandatory for [[school]]s to offer Spanish as an alternative foreign language course in both public and private secondary schools in Brazil.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2004-2006/2005/Lei/L11161.htm |title = Brazilian Law 11.161 |publisher = Presidência da República |date = 5 August 2005 |access-date = 31 March 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131031191701/http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2004-2006/2005/Lei/L11161.htm |archive-date = 31 October 2013 |url-status = live}}</ref> In September 2016 this law was revoked by [[Michel Temer]] after the [[impeachment of Dilma Rousseff]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://oglobo.globo.com/sociedade/educacao/novo-ensino-medio-tera-curriculo-flexivel-mais-horas-de-aula-20164798 |title=Novo ensino médio terá currículo flexível e mais horas de aula |newspaper=O Globo |date=23 September 2016 |access-date=23 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923213525/http://oglobo.globo.com/sociedade/educacao/novo-ensino-medio-tera-curriculo-flexivel-mais-horas-de-aula-20164798 |archive-date=23 September 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> In many border towns and villages along Paraguay and Uruguay, a [[mixed language]] known as [[Riverense Portuñol|Portuñol]] is spoken.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Lipski |first=John M |year=2006 |title=Too close for comfort? the genesis of "portuñol/portunhol" |editor1-first=Timothy L |editor1-last=Face |editor2-first=Carol A |editor2-last=Klee |pages=1–22 |journal=Selected Proceedings of the 8th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium |location=Somerville, MA |publisher=Cascadilla Proceedings Project |url= http://www.lingref.com/cpp/hls/8/paper1251.pdf |access-date=29 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216225441/http://www.lingref.com/cpp/hls/8/paper1251.pdf |archive-date=16 December 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>