Editing Submachine gun (section)

===1950s===
In 1954, Israel introduced a 9mm Parabellum open-bolt, blowback-operated submachine gun called the [[Uzi]] (after its designer [[Uziel Gal]]). The Uzi was one of the first weapons to use a [[telescoping bolt]] design with the magazine housed in the pistol grip for a shorter weapon. The Uzi has become the most popular submachine gun in the world, with over 10 million units sold,<ref name="mcmanners2003">{{cite book |title=Ultimate Special Forces |last=McManners |first=Hugh |year=2003 |publisher=DK Publishing |location=New York |isbn=0-7894-9973-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/ultimatespecialf00hugh/page/157 157] |oclc=53221575 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/ultimatespecialf00hugh/page/157 }}</ref> more than any other submachine gun.<ref name="FF">{{cite journal | last = Hackathorn| first = Ken | title = Using the Uzi| journal = Fighting Firearms| volume = 3| issue = 1| pages = 18–23| publisher = Soldier of Fortune| year = 1995 }}</ref>

In 1959, Beretta introduced the [[Beretta M12|Model 12]]. This 9mm Parabellum submachine gun was a complete break with previous Beretta designs.<ref name="Century 2000. pages 138-139">Military Small Arms of the 20th Century. 7th Edition. by Ian V. Hogg & John S. Weeks. Krause Publications. 2000. pages 138–139</ref> It is a small, compact, very well made SMG and among the first to use a telescoping bolt design.<ref name="Century 2000. pages 138-139"/> The M12 was designed for mass production and was made largely of stamped steel and welded together.<ref name="Century 2000. pages 138-139"/> It is identified by its tubular shape receiver, double pistol grips, a side folding stock and the magazine housed in front of the trigger guard. The M12 uses the same magazines as the Model 38 series.

====Submachine guns in the Korean War====
Submachine guns again proved to be an important weapon system in the [[Korean War]] (25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953).{{Cn|date=November 2024}} The [[Korean People's Army]] (KPA) and the Chinese [[People's Volunteer Army]] (PVA) fighting in Korea received massive numbers of the PPSh-41, in addition to the North Korean Type 49 and the Chinese Type 50, which were both licensed copies of the PPSh-41 with small mechanical revisions.{{sfn|McNab|2015|pp=22-23}} While lacking the accuracy of the U.S. [[M1 Garand]] and [[M1 carbine]], it provided more firepower at short distances and was well-suited to the close-range firefights that typically occurred in that conflict, especially at night.<ref name="Halberstam447">{{cite book
|last=Halberstam
|first=David
|title=The Coldest Winter
|publisher=Hyperion Press
|year=2007
|page=[https://archive.org/details/coldestwinterame00halb/page/447 447]
|isbn=978-1-4013-0052-4
|url-access=registration
|url=https://archive.org/details/coldestwinterame00halb/page/447
}}</ref> [[United Nations Command]] forces in defensive outposts or on patrol often had trouble returning a sufficient volume of fire when attacked by companies of infantry armed with the PPSh.  As infantry Captain (later General) [[Hal Moore]] stated: "on full automatic it sprayed a lot of bullets and most of the killing in Korea was done at very close ranges and it was done quickly—a matter of who responded faster. In situations like that it outclassed and outgunned what we had. A close-in patrol fight was over very quickly and usually we lost because of it."<ref name="Halberstam447"/> U.S. servicemen, however, felt that their [[M2 carbine]]s were superior to the PPSh-41 at the typical engagement range of 100–150 meters.<ref name="Thompson2011">{{cite book|author=Leroy Thompson|title=The M1 Carbine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=km5XxecLeOkC&pg=PA56|year=2011|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-84908-619-6|page=56}}</ref>

Other older designs also saw use in the Korean War. The Thompson had seen much use by the U.S. and South Korean militaries, even though the Thompson had been replaced as standard-issue by the M3/M3A1. With huge numbers of guns available in army ordnance arsenals, the Thompson remained classed as "limited standard" or "substitute standard" long after the standardization of the M3/M3A1. Many Thompsons were distributed to the US-backed Nationalist Chinese armed forces as military aid before the fall of Chiang Kai-shek's government to Mao Zedong's communist forces at the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949. (Thompsons had already been widely used throughout China since the 1920s, at a time when several Chinese warlords and their military factions running various parts of the fragmented country made purchases of the weapon and then subsequently produced many local copies.) US troops were surprised to encounter communist Chinese troops armed with Thompsons (among other captured US-made Nationalist Chinese and American firearms), especially during unexpected night assaults, which became a prominent Chinese combat tactic in the conflict. The gun's ability to deliver large quantities of short-range automatic assault fire proved very useful in both defense and assault during the early part of the war when it was constantly mobile and shifting back and forth. Many Chinese Thompsons were captured and placed into service with American soldiers and marines for the remaining period of the war.