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Sweating sickness
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===Final outbreak=== [[File:Hans Holbein the Younger - Charles Brandon (Royal Collection).JPG|thumb|[[Charles Brandon, 3rd Duke of Suffolk]], died of the sweating sickness aged thirteen, having held the dukedom for just an hour after his elder brother died of the disease]] The last major outbreak of the disease occurred in England in 1551.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The English Sweating Sickness, with Particular Reference to the 1551 Outbreak in Chester|author=Hunter, Paul R.|year=1991|journal=Reviews of Infectious Diseases|volume=13|issue=2|pages=303–306|jstor = 4455857|doi = 10.1093/clinids/13.2.303|pmid = 2041963}}</ref> Although burial patterns in smaller towns in Europe suggest that the disease may have been present elsewhere first,<ref name="Thwaites 1997" /> the outbreak is recorded to have begun in Shrewsbury in April.<ref name="Wylie 1981">{{Cite journal|last1=WYLIE|first1=JOHN A. H.|last2=COLLIER|first2=LESLIE H.|date=1981|title=The English Sweating Sickness (Sudor Anglicus): A Reappraisal|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/xxxvi.4.425|journal=Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences|volume=XXXVI|issue=4|pages=425–445|doi=10.1093/jhmas/xxxvi.4.425|pmid=7037928|issn=0022-5045|access-date=6 November 2020|archive-date=1 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201052137/https://academic.oup.com/jhmas/article-abstract/XXXVI/4/425/706250?redirectedFrom=fulltext|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> It killed around 1,000 there, spreading quickly throughout the rest of England<ref name="Dyer 1997">{{Cite journal|last=Dyer|first=Alan|date=1997|title=The English Sweating Sickness of 1551: An Epidemic Anatomized|journal=Medical History|language=en|volume=41|issue=3|pages=362–384|doi=10.1017/S0025727300062724|pmid=9327632|pmc=1044802|issn=0025-7273}}</ref> and all but disappearing by October.<ref name="Dyer 1997" /> It was more prevalent among younger men than other groups, possibly due to their greater social exposure.<ref name="Dyer 1997" /> John Caius wrote his eyewitness account ''A Boke or Counseill Against the Disease Commonly Called the Sweate, or Sweatyng Sicknesse''. Henry Machin also recorded it in his diary: {{Blockquote|text= the vii day of July begane a nuw swet in London…the x day of July [1551] the Kynges grace removyd from Westmynster unto Hamtun courte, for ther [died] serten besyd the court, and caused the Kynges grase to be gone so sune, for ther ded in London mony marchants and grett ryche men and women, and yonge men and old, of the new swett…the xvi day of July ded of the swet the ii yonge dukes of Suffoke of the swet, both in one bed in Chambrydge-shyre…and ther ded from the vii day of July unto the xix ded of the swett in London of all dyssesus… [872] and no more in alle|sign=''The Diary of [[Henry Machyn]] 1550–1563''<ref>{{citation|title=The Diary of Henry Machyn 1550–1563|date=1848|author=Henry Machin|pages=7–8|url=https://archive.org/stream/henrymachyncit00camduoft#page/6/mode/2up}}</ref>|}} The ''Annals'' of [[Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax Parish]] of 1551 records 44 deaths in an outbreak there.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Taylor|first=D|title=Annals of the Parish of Halifax|journal=Halifax Antiquarian Society|date=28 March 1972|page=109|quote=1551 44 persons died of the 'sweating Sickness' in the Halifax Parish.}}</ref> An outbreak called 'sweating sickness' occurred in [[Tiverton, Devon|Tiverton]], Devon in 1644, recorded in Martin Dunsford's History, killing 443 people, 105 of them buried in October.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dunsford|first=Martin|title=Historical memoirs of the town and parish of Tiverton|date=1836|page=36}}</ref> However, no medical particulars were recorded, and the date falls well after the generally accepted disappearance of the 'sweating sickness' in 1551.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Creighton |first1=Charles |title=A history of epidemics in Britain |date=1891 |publisher=Cambridge Univ. |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofepidemi01crei/page/554 554] |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofepidemi01crei |access-date=5 October 2019}}</ref>
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