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Sympathetic nervous system
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=== Origins === It was originally believed that the sympathetic nervous system arose with [[Gnathostomata|jawed vertebrates]].<ref name="Nicol 1952 pp. 1β48">{{cite journal |last=Nicol |first=J. A. Colin |date=1952 |title=AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEMS IN LOWER CHORDATES |journal=Biological Reviews |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=1β48 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-185X.1952.tb01361.x |issn=1464-7931}}</ref> However, the sea lamprey ([[Sea lamprey|Petromyzon marinus]]), a [[Agnatha|jawless vertebrate]], has been found to contain the key building blocks and developmental controls of a sympathetic nervous system.<ref name="Edens Stundl Urrutia Bronner 2024 pp. 121β126">{{cite journal |last1=Edens |first1=Brittany M. |last2=Stundl |first2=Jan |last3=Urrutia |first3=Hugo A. |last4=Bronner |first4=Marianne E. |date=2024 |title=Neural crest origin of sympathetic neurons at the dawn of vertebrates |journal=Nature |volume=629 |issue=8010 |pages=121β126 |doi=10.1038/s41586-024-07297-0 |pmid=38632395 |bibcode=2024Natur.629..121E |issn=0028-0836|pmc=11391089 }}</ref> [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] described this research as a "landmark study" that "point to a remarkable diversification of sympathetic neuron populations among vertebrate classes and species".<ref name="Ernsberger Rohrer 2024 pp. 46β48">{{cite journal |last1=Ernsberger |first1=Uwe |last2=Rohrer |first2=Hermann |date=2024 |title=The sympathetic nervous system arose in the earliest vertebrates |journal=Nature |volume=629 |issue=8010 |pages=46β48 |doi=10.1038/d41586-024-01017-4 |pmid=38632426 |bibcode=2024Natur.629...46E |issn=0028-0836}}</ref>
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