Editing Systems thinking (section)

===Systems far from equilibrium===
{{anchor|Resilience}} Living systems are [[Ecological resilience|resilient]],<ref name="ah3" /> and are [[Non-equilibrium thermodynamics|far from equilibrium]].<ref name="meadows2008"/>{{rp|Ch.3}}<ref name="G&P1971" /> [[Homeostasis]] is the analog to equilibrium, for a living system; the concept was described in 1849, and the term was coined in 1926.<ref name="wotb">{{cite book |first=W.B. |last=Cannon |author-link=Walter Bradford Cannon |title=The Wisdom of the Body |pages=177–201 |year=1932 |publisher=W. W. Norton |location=New York}}</ref><ref name="cannon">{{cite book |language=fr |first=W. B. |last=Cannon |author-link=Walter Bradford Cannon |chapter=Physiological regulation of normal states: some tentative postulates concerning biological homeostatics |editor=A. Pettit|title=A Charles Riches amis, ses collègues, ses élèves |page=91 |publisher=Paris: Les Éditions Médicales |year=1926}}</ref>

{{anchor|Self-organization}} Resilient systems are [[Self-organization|self-organizing]];<ref name="ah3" />{{efn|name=klirSystemScience |1=Abstract: [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4899-0718-9_1 "An inevitable prerequisite for this book, as implied by its title, is a presupposition that systems science is a legitimate field of scientific inquiry. It is self-evident that I, as the author of this book, consider this presupposition valid. Otherwise, clearly, I would not conceive of writing the book in the first place"]. —George J. Klir, "What Is Systems Science?" from ''Facets of Systems Science'' (1991) }}<ref name="meadows2008" />{{rp|Ch.3}} <ref>H T Odum [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.242.4882.1132 (25 Nov 1988) Self-Organization, Transformity and Information] ''Science'' Vol '''242''', Issue 4882 pp. 1132–1139 as reprinted by Gerald Midgley ed. (2002), ''Systems Thinking'' vol ''2''</ref>

{{anchor|Hierarchy}} The scope of functional controls is [[Hierarchy|hierarchical]], in a resilient system.<ref name="ah3" /><ref name="meadows2008" />{{rp|Ch.3}}