Editing Teenage pregnancy (section)

===Prenatal care===
Maternal and [[prenatal]] health is of particular concern among teens who are pregnant or parenting. The worldwide incidence of [[premature birth]] and [[birth weight|low birth weight]] is higher among adolescent mothers.<ref name=makinson/><ref name=natcamp/><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Scholl TO, Hediger ML, Belsky DH | title = Prenatal care and maternal health during adolescent pregnancy: A review and meta-analysis | journal = The Journal of Adolescent Health | volume = 15 | issue = 6 | pages = 444–456 | year = 1994 | pmid = 7811676 | doi = 10.1016/1054-139X(94)90491-K }}</ref> In a rural hospital in West Bengal, teenage mothers between 15 and 19 years old were more likely to have anemia, preterm delivery, and a baby with a lower birth weight than mothers between 20 and 24 years old.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Banerjee B, Pandey G, Dutt D, Sengupta B, Mondal M, Deb S | title = Teenage pregnancy: A socially inflicted health hazard | journal = Indian Journal of Community Medicine | volume = 34 | issue = 3 | pages = 227–231 | year = 2009 | pmid = 20049301 | pmc = 2800903 | doi = 10.4103/0970-0218.55289 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

Research indicates that pregnant teens are less likely to receive [[prenatal care]], often seeking it in the [[third trimester]], if at all.<ref name=makinson/> The [[Guttmacher Institute]] reports that one-third of pregnant teens receive insufficient prenatal care and that their children are more likely to have health issues in childhood or be [[Inpatient care|hospitalized]] than those born to older women.<ref>Guttmacher Institute. (September 1999).[http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/fb_teen_sex.html Teen Sex and Pregnancy] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050403024149/http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/fb_teen_sex.html |date=3 April 2005 }}. Retrieved 29 May 2006.</ref>

In the United States, teenage [[Latinas]] who become pregnant face barriers to receiving healthcare because they are the least insured group in the country.<ref name="Sterling 2009 19–28">{{Cite journal|last=Sterling|first=Sandra P.|date=2009|title=Contraceptive Use Among Adolescent Latinas Living in the United States: The Impact of Culture and Acculturation|journal=Journal of Pediatric Health Care|volume=23|issue=1|pages=19–28|doi=10.1016/j.pedhc.2008.02.004|pmid=19103403}}</ref>

Young mothers who are given high-quality maternity care have significantly healthier babies than those who do not. Many of the health-issues associated with teenage mothers appear to result from lack of access to adequate medical care.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Raatikainen K, Heiskanen N, Verkasalo PK, Heinonen S | title = Good outcome of teenage pregnancies in high-quality maternity care | journal = The European Journal of Public Health | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = 157–161 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16141302 | doi = 10.1093/eurpub/cki158 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

Many pregnant teens are at risk of [[illnesses related to poor nutrition|nutritional deficiencies]] from poor [[diet (nutrition)|eating habit]]s common in adolescence, including attempts to [[weight loss|lose weight]] through [[dieting]], [[fasting|skipping meal]]s, [[food faddism]], [[Snack food|snacking]], and consumption of [[fast food]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Gutierrez Y, King JC | title = Nutrition during teenage pregnancy | journal = Pediatric Annals | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 99–108 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8493060 | doi=10.3928/0090-4481-19930201-07}}</ref>

Inadequate [[nutrition and pregnancy|nutrition during pregnancy]] is an even more marked problem among teenagers in [[developing country|developing countries]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Sanchez PA, Idrisa A, Bobzom DN, Airede A, Hollis BW, Liston DE, Jones DD, Dasgupta A, Glew RH | title = Calcium and vitamin D status of pregnant teenagers in Maiduguri, Nigeria | journal = Journal of the National Medical Association | volume = 89 | issue = 12 | pages = 805–811 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9433060 | pmc = 2608295 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Peña E, Sánchez A, Solano L | title = Profile of nutritional risk in pregnant adolescents | journal = Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion | volume = 53 | issue = 2 | pages = 141–149 | year = 2003 | pmid = 14528603 }}</ref> [[Complications of pregnancy]] result in the deaths of an estimated 70,000 teen girls in developing countries each year. Young mothers and their babies are also at greater risk of contracting [[HIV]].<ref name=savethechildren/> The [[World Health Organization]] estimates that the risk of death following pregnancy is twice as high for girls aged 15–19 than for women aged 20–24. The maternal mortality rate can be up to five times higher for girls aged 10–14 than for women aged 20–24. Illegal abortion also holds many risks for teenage girls in areas such as [[sub-Saharan Africa]].<ref name=subsahara/>

Risks for medical complications are greater for girls aged under 15, as an underdeveloped [[human pelvis|pelvis]] can lead to difficulties in [[childbirth]]. Obstructed labour is normally dealt with by [[caesarean section]] in [[developed country|industrialized nations]]. In developing regions where medical services might be unavailable, it can lead to [[eclampsia]], [[obstetric fistula]], [[infant mortality]], or [[maternal death]].<ref name=savethechildren/><ref name="unfpa.org"/> For mothers who are older than fifteen, age is not a risk factor, and poor outcomes are associated more with socioeconomic factors rather than with biology.<ref name=makinson/>