Editing Temperance movement (section)

=== Teetotalism (1830s) ===
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As a response to rising social problems in urbanized areas, a stricter form of temperance emerged called [[teetotalism]], which promoted the complete abstinence from alcoholic beverages, this time including wine and beer, not just ardent spirits.<ref name="clean" />{{rp|39}}<ref name="snodgrass">{{Citation|last1=Snodgrass|first1=Mary Ellen|encyclopedia=The Civil War Era and Reconstruction: An Encyclopedia of Social, Political, Cultural and Economic History|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|title=Temperance Movement|isbn=978-1-317-45791-6|pages=600–3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cWysBwAAQBAJ}}</ref>{{rp|602}} The term ''teetotaler'' came from the capital "T"s that were written next to the names of people who pledged complete abstinence from alcohol.<ref name="woodworth" /> People were instructed to only drink pure water and the teetotalists were known as the "pure-water army".<ref name="clean" />{{rp|40}}<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Pilgrims-The Irish-The Sandwich Islanders |journal=The Sailor's Magazine and Naval Journal |date=1843 |volume=15 |pages=270–271 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m9sZAAAAYAAJ&q=pure+water+army+teetotalism&pg=RA1-PA271 |access-date=13 June 2018}}</ref> In the US, the [[American Temperance Union]] advocated total abstinence from distilled and fermented liquors. By 1835, they had gained 1.5{{nbsp}}million members. This created conflict between the teetotalists and the more moderate members of the ATS.<ref name="clean" />{{rp|40}}<ref name="Misiroglu" /> Although there were temperance societies in the South, as the movement became more closely tied with the abolitionist movement, people in the South created their own teetotal societies. Considering drinking to be an important part of their cultures, German and Irish immigrants resisted the movement.<ref name="clean" />{{rp|40}} In the UK, teetotalism originated in Preston, Lancashire in 1833.<ref>Road to Zion – British Isles, BYU-TV; {{cite web |url=http://byutv.org/watch/801-207 |title=BYUtv - Road to Zion: British Isles: Part One |access-date=February 15, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211095420/http://www.byutv.org/watch/801-207/ |archive-date=February 11, 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Teetotal|url=http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/teetotal?view=uk|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120526210420/http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/teetotal?view=uk|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 26, 2012|work=Oxford Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=June 11, 2012|author=<!--Not stated-->|year=2012}}</ref> The [[Catholic temperance movement]] started in 1838 when the [[The Temperance movement in Ireland|Irish]] priest [[Theobald Mathew (temperance reformer)|Theobald Mathew]] established the [[Knights of Father Mathew|Teetotal Abstinence Society]] in 1838.<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Theobald Mathew}}</ref> In 1838, the mass working class movement for [[universal suffrage]] for men, [[Chartism]], included a current called "temperance chartism".<ref>{{cite journal|last=McCaffrey|first=John F.|year=2010|journal=The Innes Review|title=Irish Immigrants and Radical Movements in the West of Scotland in the Early Nineteenth Century |volume=39|issue=1|page=52|doi=10.3366/inr.1988.39.1.46}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Duncan|first=Robert|year=2015|title=Artisans and proletarians: Chartism and working class allegiance in Aberdeen, 1838–1842|journal=Northern Scotland|volume=4|issue=1|page=61|doi=10.3366/nor.1981.0006}}</ref> Faced with the refusal of the Parliament of the time to give the right to vote to working people, the temperance chartists saw the campaign against alcohol as a way of proving to the elites that working-class people were responsible enough to be granted the vote.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iKM3AQAAMAAJ|title=To the working men of Great Britain|date=December 19, 1840|work=Chartist Circular|page=1|access-date=December 2, 2017}}</ref> In short, the 1830s was mostly characterized by moral persuasion of workers.<ref name="edman" />{{rp|25}}