Editing Terra sigillata (section)

===Eastern sigillatas===
[[File:Eastern Sigillata B Form 65.svg|thumb|right|Form 65 of Eastern sigillata B1/2]]
In the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire, there had been several industries making fine red tablewares with smooth, glossy-slipped surfaces since about the middle of the 2nd century BC, well before the rise of the Italian sigillata workshops.  By the 1st century BC, their forms often paralleled Arretine plain-ware shapes quite closely.  There were evidently centres of production in [[Syria (Roman province)|Syria]]; in western Turkey, exported through [[Ephesos]]; [[Pergamon]]; [[Çandarlı]], near Pergamon; and on [[Cyprus]], but archaeologists often refer to [[eastern sigillata A]] from Northern [[Syria (Roman province)|Syria]], '''<span class="anchor" id="Eastern sigillata B">eastern sigillata B</span>''' from [[Tralles]] in Asia Minor, [[eastern sigillata C]] from ancient [[Pitane (Aeolis)|Pitane]], and [[eastern sigillata D]] (or Cypriot sigillata) from Cyprus, as there is still much to be learnt about this material.  While eastern sigillata C is known to come from Çandarli (ancient [[Pitane (Aeolis)|Pitane]]), there were likely other workshops in the wider region of [[Pergamon]].<ref>The summary in Hayes 1997, pages 52–59 illustrates the main forms and describes the characteristics of wares.</ref> By the early 2nd century AD, when Gaulish samian was completely dominating the markets in the Northern provinces, the eastern sigillatas were themselves beginning to be displaced by the rising importance of African Red Slip wares in the Mediterranean and the Eastern Empire. In the fourth century AD, [[Phocaean red slip]] appears as a successor to Eastern sigillata C.

In the 1980s two primary groups of Eastern Terra Sigillata in the Eastern Mediterranean basin were distinguished as ETS-I and ETS-II based on their chemical fingerprints as shown by analysis by instrumental [[neutron activation analysis]] (INAA).  ETS-I originated in Eastern [[Cyprus]], whereas the ETS-II was probably made in [[Pamphylia]], at [[Perge]], [[Aspendos]] and [[Side, Turkey|Side]]. <!-- "Also the chronology of Eastern Terra Sigillata has changed in the light of the origin of the ETS pottery, i.e. 150 BC – 70 AD (the destruction of Eastern Cyprus and the Temple of Jerusalem." Too incoherent to use – please clarify. what about these dates? --><ref>Gunneweg, J., 1980 Ph.D.Thesis, Hebrew University; Gunneweg, Perlman and Yellin, 1983, ''The Provenience, Typology and Chronology of Eastern Terra Sigillata of the Eastern Mediterranean'', QEDEM 17, Jerusalem, Ahva Press</ref>  However this classification has been criticized, and is not universally accepted.  A potter's quarter at [[Sagalassos]] inland from the southern Turkish coast has been excavated since it was discovered in 1987, and its wares traced to many sites in the region. It was active from around 25 to 550 AD.<ref>Poblome, Jernen, "The Ecology of Sagalassos (Southwest Turkey) Red Slip Ware", in ''Archaeological and historical aspects of West-European societies: album amicorum André Van Doorselaer'', Issue 8 of ''Acta archaeologica Lovaniensia: Monographiae'', 1996, Ed. Marc Lodewijckx, Leuven University Press, {{ISSN|0776-2984}}, {{ISBN|9061867223}}, 9789061867227, [https://books.google.com/books?id=2NAAS5jBI-IC&pg=PA500&lpg=PA500 google books]</ref>