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Testudo formation
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== Bibliography == * {{cite book |last=Bachrach |first=David S. |title=Warfare in Tenth-Century Germany |year=2012 |publisher=[[Boydell Press]] |location=[[Woodbridge, Suffolk|Woodbridge]] |isbn=978-1-84383-762-6 }} * {{cite book|last=Bradbury|first=Jim|title=The Medieval Siege|location=[[Woodbridge, Suffolk]]|publisher=[[Boydell Press]]|year=1992|isbn=978-0851153575}} * Cowan, Ross, ''Roman Battle Tactics 109BC - AD313'' (Osprey 2007) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121013035512/http://www.duke.edu/web/classics/grbs/FTexts/44/Rance2.pdf Rance, Philip, βThe Fulcum, the Late Roman and Byzantine Testudo: the Germanization of Roman Infantry Tactics?β in ''Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies'' 44 (2004) pp. 265β326] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=wh4lkfI2TwQC Plutarch, ''Roman Lives'', ed. Robin Waterfield] {{ISBN|978-0-19-282502-5}} * Dio Cassius, ''Roman History Book 49, 30'' ed. Loeb Classical Library {{ISBN|0-674-99091-9}}
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