Editing Texas Tech University (section)

=== Research ===
The university is [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|classified]] among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity"<ref name="Carnegie"/> and hosts 55 research centers and institutes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Centers & Institutes|url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/vpr/researchers/centers-institutes.php|website=ttu.edu|publisher=Texas Tech University Office of the Vice President for Research|access-date=February 2, 2016}}</ref> According to the [[National Science Foundation]], Texas Tech had $226.7 million in research development funding and expenditures in 2022, ranking Texas Tech 120th in the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Science Foundation |url=https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/profiles/site?method=rankingBySource&ds=herd |access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref>

The [[National Wind Institute]] (formerly the Wind Science and Engineering Research Center or WISE) was established following the [[1970 Lubbock tornado|May 11, 1970, Lubbock Tornado]] that caused 26 fatalities and over $1.06 billion (2024 dollars) in damage in Lubbock. The National Wind Institute, which includes {{convert|56000|sqft|m2}} of indoor laboratory space, is focused on research, education, and information outreach.<ref name="1970 Tornado Creates the Texas Tech Wind Science and Engineering Center"/> The interdisciplinary research program studies methods to exploit the beneficial qualities of wind and to mitigate its detrimental effects. The institute offers education in wind science and engineering to develop professionals who are experts in creating designs that deal effectively with problems caused by high winds. The institute established the nation's first Ph.D. program in Wind Science and Engineering in 2003.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ph.D. in Wind Science & Engineering|url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/nwi/education/phd-program.php|publisher=National Wind Institute|access-date=April 4, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407104614/http://www.depts.ttu.edu/nwi/education/phd-program.php|archive-date=April 7, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> National Wind Institute researchers contributed significantly to the development of the [[Enhanced Fujita Scale]] for rating the strength of tornadoes.<ref name="EF-Scale Training"/>

[[File:STS-107-launch2.jpg|thumb|upright|Texas Tech alumnus [[Rick Husband]] was the final commander of Space Shuttle ''Columbia''.]]
Texas Tech has made many contributions to [[NASA]] and the spaceflight industry. The university's Charles A. Bassett II Pulse Laboratory honors engineering alumnus and [[project Gemini|Gemini]]-era astronaut [[Charles Bassett|Charles A. Bassett II]].<ref name="Texas Tech University Dedicates Laboratories to Gemini Astronaut Charles A. Bassett II"/>  In total, Texas Tech has helped to produce five astronauts including Bassett, [[Paul Lockhart]], and [[Rick Husband]]; Husband was commander of [[STS-107]], the final flight of Space Shuttle ''Columbia''.<ref name="Husband"/><ref name="Astronaut Bio: Paul Lockhart"/><ref name="AstronautFactBook"/>{{refn|group=Note|name=AstronautFactBook}} Texas Tech has partnered with NASA to perfect methods for growing fresh vegetables in space and to determine the most efficient ways to recycle wastewater.<ref name="Tech, NASA a growing tradition"/>  In 2018, faculty member Seiichi Nagihara and his team analyzed data from the 1970s lunar missions and found that incremental changes in the moon’s surface temperature during the 1970s were caused by the astronauts themselves. As they disturbed the light-colored soil on the moon, they exposed the darker soil underneath, which absorbed more sunlight.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05107-y|title=Long-lost data reveal astronauts’ mark on the Moon|date=May 4, 2018|journal=Nature|volume=557|issue=7705|pages=282–282|via=www.nature.com|doi=10.1038/d41586-018-05107-y|doi-access=free}}</ref> The university’s latest contribution is designed to help future astronauts avoid such mistakes. Nagihara’s Lunar Instrumentation for Subsurface Thermal Exploration with Rapidity, or LISTER, is a tool that can drill into the moon’s surface and measure underground temperatures. In 2019, it was selected for one of the upcoming Artemis missions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-selects-12-new-lunar-science-technology-investigations/|title=NASA Selects 12 New Lunar Science, Technology Investigations - NASA}}</ref>

Building upon existing areas of strength, Texas Tech is now focusing its research enterprise in several key areas: [[energy]], [[One Health]], strengthening national security, systems resilience and adaptability, and [[rural development|rural]] and urban development.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.depts.ttu.edu/research/strategicresearch/|title=Strategic Research &#124; Research Home &#124; TTU|website=www.depts.ttu.edu}}</ref>

From 2022 to 2024, efforts related to Texas Tech's [[pulsed power]] electronics laboratory received $65 million in federal funding. Projects include research on [[semiconductors]], high power [[microwaves]], cyber-physical security, directed energy and [[high-performance computing]].

Texas Tech's [[Davis College of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources]] has received state and federal grants for research projects including the fiber properties of cotton, the antibacterial properties of cotton fabric, and the development of chemical-warfare protective fabrics.<ref name="Texas Department of Agriculture grants research money to Tech"/> The college has also created two grass variants, Shadow Turf, a drought-tolerant [[turf grass]] that thrives in shade, and Tech Turf (marketed as Turffalo), a turf grass with the rich color and texture of [[Cynodon dactylon|Bermuda]] and the resilience of [[Buchloe dactyloides|buffalo grass]].<ref name="New Texas Tech grass"/><ref name="Tough as Buffalo, Green as Grass?"/>

==== Research institutes ====
Research institutes at the university include:

* [[National Wind Institute]] (NWI): A wind research institute at Texas Tech, created following the [[Lubbock tornado|1970 Lubbock Tornado]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Story {{!}} Our History {{!}} National Wind Institute {{!}} TTU |url=https://www.depts.ttu.edu/nwi/about/story.php |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=www.depts.ttu.edu}}</ref> The NWI has evolved from its traditional singular focus on wind hazards to three main research pillars of energy systems, atmospheric measurement & simulation, and wind engineering. 
* Institute for Critical Infrastructure Security (ICIS): This institute works with federal partners to understand existing and new cyber security threats. Through partnerships with industry, national labs and educational organizations, ICIS monitors and updates networks to strengthen critical infrastructure security to protect lives and livelihoods.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Institute for Critical Infrastructure Security {{!}} TTU |url=https://www.depts.ttu.edu/icis/ |access-date=2024-11-24}}</ref>
* Fiber & Biopolymer Research Institute (FBRI): The FBRI is committed to serving the research needs of university researchers, cotton breeders, public agencies, and textile manufacturers. Research done within the institute is changing the way the world talks about fiber quality.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.depts.ttu.edu/fbri/|title=Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute &#124; FBRI &#124; TTU|website=www.depts.ttu.edu}}</ref>
* Institute for One Health Innovation: A multidisciplinary research institute that brings together experts from human, animal and environmental health to better understand how each interacts with the others, and thereby develop a more holistic approach to health for all.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Institute for One Health Innovation {{!}} TTU |url=https://www.depts.ttu.edu/onehealth/ |access-date=2024-11-24}}</ref>
* International Center for Food Industry Excellence (ICFIE): ICFIE provides innovation, research, and technology transfer across the four pillars of food security. Prestigious faculty members provide collaborative expert resources in food access, availability, stability and utilization both domestically and internationally.<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Center for Food Industry Excellence {{!}} TTU |url=https://www.depts.ttu.edu/icfie/ |access-date=2024-11-24}}</ref>