Editing Three marks of existence (section)

===Anatta===
{{Main|Anatta}}
''[[Anatta]]'' (Sanskrit: ''anatman'') refers to there being no permanent essence in any thing or phenomena, including living beings.<ref name=britannicaanatta>[http://www.britannica.com/topic/anatta Anatta Buddhism], Encyclopædia Britannica (2013).</ref><ref>[a] {{cite book|author=Christmas Humphreys|title=Exploring Buddhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V3rYtmCZEIEC |year=2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-22877-3 |pages=42–3}}<br>[b] {{cite book|author=Brian Morris |title=Religion and Anthropology: A Critical Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PguGB_uEQh4C&pg=PA51 |year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-85241-8|page=51 |quote=(...) anatta is the doctrine of non-self, and is an extreme empiricist doctrine that holds that the notion of an unchanging permanent self is a fiction and has no reality. According to Buddhist doctrine, the individual person consists of five skandhas or heaps - the body, feelings, perceptions, impulses and consciousness. The belief in a self or soul, over these five skandhas, is illusory and the cause of suffering.}}<br>[c] {{cite book|author=Richard Gombrich|title=Theravada Buddhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jZyJAgAAQBAJ|year=2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-90352-8|page=47 |quote=(...) Buddha's teaching that beings have no soul, no abiding essence. This 'no-soul doctrine' (anatta-vada) he expounded in his second sermon.}}</ref>

While ''anicca'' and ''dukkha'' apply to "all conditioned phenomena" (''saṅkhārā''), ''anattā'' has a wider scope because it applies to all ''dhammās'' without the "conditioned, unconditioned" qualification.<ref name=Gombrich2008p209>{{cite book|author1=Richard Francis Gombrich|author2=Cristina Anna Scherrer-Schaub|title=Buddhist Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U7_Rea05eAMC |year=2008|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-3248-0|pages=209, for context see pp. 195–223}}</ref> Thus, ''nirvana'' too is a state of without Self or ''anatta''.<ref name=Gombrich2008p209/> The phrase "''sabbe dhamma anatta''" includes within its scope each ''[[skandha]]'' (group of aggregates, heaps) that compose any being, and the belief "I am" is a conceit which must be realized to be impermanent and without substance, to end all [[Duḥkha|''dukkha'']].<ref>{{cite book|author=Joaquín Pérez Remón |title=Self and Non-self in Early Buddhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OQ6svBmxAhEC |year=1980|publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-90-279-7987-2 |pages=218–222, 234}}</ref>

The ''anattā'' doctrine of Buddhism denies that there is anything permanent in any person to call one's Self, and that a belief in a Self is a source of ''dukkha''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Peter Harvey|title=An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u0sg9LV_rEgC|year=2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85942-4|pages=57–62}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Peter Harvey| editor=Steven M. Emmanuel|title=A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_lmCgAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-119-14466-3|pages=34–37}}</ref> Some Buddhist traditions and scholars, however, interpret the ''anatta'' doctrine to be strictly in regard to the [[Five Aggregates|five aggregates]] rather than a universal truth.<ref name="Selves">"Selves & Not-self: The Buddhist Teaching on Anatta", by Thanissaro Bhikkhu. Access to Insight (Legacy Edition), 30 November 2013, http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/selvesnotself.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204143026/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/selvesnotself.html|date=2013-02-04}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tricycle.org/magazine/there-no-self/|title=There is no self.|last=Bhikkhu|first=Thanissaro|work=Tricycle: The Buddhist Review|access-date=2018-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819114904/https://tricycle.org/magazine/there-no-self/|archive-date=2018-08-19|url-status=live|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=juEsJjocNJoC&q=Some+translate+the+phrase+sabbe+dhamma+literally+as+%22all+phenomena%22+(both+compound+and+non-compound).+This+is+not+true.+According+to+Lord+Buddha's+Teaching+in+the+Dhammapada+Pali+text,+as+interpreted+by+the+original+arahant+commentators+and+by+the+most+recent+translators+(Carter+and+Palihawadana+1987)+2,+the+words+sabbe+dhamma|title=The Heart of Dhammakaya Meditation|last=Thepyanmongkol|first=Phra|date=2009|publisher=Wat Luang Phor Sodh|isbn=9789748097534|pages=12|language=en}}</ref> Religious studies scholar Alexander Wynne calls ''anattā'' a "not-self" teaching rather than a "no-self" teaching.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Wynne|first=Alexander|date=2009|title=Early Evidence for the 'no self' doctrine?|url=http://ocbs.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/awynne2009atijbs.pdf|url-status=live|journal=Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies|pages=63–64|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602145336/http://ocbs.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/awynne2009atijbs.pdf|archive-date=2017-06-02|access-date=2017-04-22}}</ref>