Editing Tibia (section)

===Shaft===
[[File:Gray258.png|thumb|upright=0.6|Bones of the right leg anterior surface]]
The shaft or body of the tibia is triangular in cross-section and forms three borders: an anterior, medial, and lateral or interosseous border. These three borders form three surfaces: the medial, lateral, and posterior.<ref name=GrayStudent2>{{cite book |last1=Drake |first1=Richard L.  |last2=Vogl |first2=A. Wayne |last3=Mitchell|first3=Adam W. M.| year=2010 |title=Gray´s Anatomy for Students |edition=2nd | isbn =978-0-443-06952-9|pages=584–588 |publisher=Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier }}</ref>

==== Borders ====
The '''anterior crest or border''', the most prominent of the three, commences above at the [[tuberosity of the tibia|tuberosity]], and ends below at the anterior margin of the [[Malleolus#Medial malleolus|medial malleolus]]. It is sinuous and prominent in the upper two-thirds of its extent, but smooth and rounded below; it gives attachment to the [[deep fascia]] of the leg.

The '''medial border''' is smooth and rounded above and below, but more prominent in the center. It begins at the back part of the medial condyle, and ends at the posterior border of the medial malleolus; its upper part gives attachment to the tibial collateral ligament of the knee-joint to the extent of about 5&nbsp;cm., and insertion to some fibers of the [[popliteus muscle]]. From its middle third some fibers of the [[soleus muscle|soleus]] and [[flexor digitorum longus muscles]] take origin.

The '''interosseous crest or lateral border''' is thin and prominent, especially its central part, and gives attachment to the [[interosseous membrane]]; it commences above in front of the fibular articular facet, and bifurcates below, to form the boundaries of a triangular rough surface, for the attachment of the interosseous ligament connecting the tibia and fibula.

==== Surfaces ====
The '''medial surface''' is smooth, convex, and broader above than below; its upper third, directed forward and medialward, is covered by the [[aponeurosis]] derived from the tendon of the [[sartorius muscle|sartorius]], and by the tendons of the [[Gracilis muscle|Gracilis]] and [[Semitendinosus]], all of which are inserted nearly as far forward as the anterior crest; in the rest of its extent it is [[Subcutaneous tissue|subcutaneous]].

The '''lateral surface''' is narrower than the medial; its upper two-thirds present a shallow groove for the origin of the Tibialis anterior; its lower third is smooth, convex, curves gradually forward to the anterior aspect of the bone, and is covered by the tendons of the [[Tibialis anterior]], [[Extensor hallucis longus]], and [[Extensor digitorum longus]], arranged in this order from the medial side.

The '''posterior surface''' presents, at its upper part, a prominent ridge, the popliteal line, which extends obliquely downward from the back part of the articular facet for the fibula to the medial border, at the junction of its upper and middle thirds; it marks the lower limit of the insertion of the [[Popliteus]], serves for the attachment of the fascia covering this muscle, and gives origin to part of the [[Soleus]], [[Flexor digitorum longus]], and [[Tibialis posterior]]. The triangular area, above this line, gives insertion to the Popliteus. The middle third of the posterior surface is divided by a vertical ridge into two parts; the ridge begins at the popliteal line and is well-marked above, but indistinct below; the medial and broader portion gives origin to the Flexor digitorum longus, the lateral and narrower to part of the [[Tibialis posterior]]. The remaining part of the posterior surface is smooth and covered by the Tibialis posterior, [[Flexor digitorum longus]], and [[Flexor hallucis longus]]. Immediately below the popliteal line is the nutrient foramen, which is large and directed obliquely downward.