Editing Tile (section)

===Europe===
[[File:CleeveAbbeyTilesC.jpg|thumb|Medieval encaustic tiles at Cleeve Abbey, England]]
Medieval Europe made considerable use of painted tiles, sometimes producing very elaborate schemes, of which few have survived. Religious and secular stories were depicted. The imaginary tiles with [[Old Testament]] scenes shown on the floor in [[Jan van Eyck]]'s 1434 [[Annunciation (van Eyck, Washington)|''Annunciation'' in Washington]] are an example. The 14th century "Tring tiles" in the [[British Museum]] show childhood scenes from the ''[[Life of Christ in art|Life of Christ]]'', possibly for a wall rather than a floor,<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_mla/t/the_tring_tiles.aspx Tring Tiles] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018184158/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_mla/t/the_tring_tiles.aspx |date=18 October 2015 }} British Museum</ref> while their 13th century "Chertsey Tiles", though from an abbey, show scenes of [[Richard the Lionheart]] battling with [[Saladin]] in very high-quality work.<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_mla/c/chertsey_tiles.aspx Chertsey Tiles] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018161616/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_mla/c/chertsey_tiles.aspx |date=18 October 2015 }}, British Museum</ref> [[Medieval letter tiles]] were used to create [[Christianity|Christian]] inscriptions on [[Church (building)|church]] floors.

Medieval influences between Middle Eastern tilework and tilework in Europe were mainly through [[Al-Andalus|Islamic Iberia]] and the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] and [[Ottoman Empire]]s. The [[Alhambra]] ''zellige'' are said to have inspired the [[tessellations]] of [[M. C. Escher]].{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}  Medieval [[encaustic tile]]s were made of multiple colours of clay, shaped and baked together to form a pattern that, rather than sitting on the surface, ran right through the thickness of the tile, and thus would not wear away.

[[File:WindowCrestAzulejos.JPG|thumb|right|[[Casa de los Azulejos]], [[Mexico City]], 18th century, with ''[[azulejo]]s'']]
''[[Azulejo]]s'' are derived from ''zellij'', and the name is likewise derived. The term is both a simple Portuguese and Spanish term for zellige, and a term for later tilework following the tradition. Some ''azujelos'' are small-scale geometric patterns or vegetative motifs, some are blue monochrome and highly pictorial, and some are neither. The [[Baroque]] period produced extremely large painted scenes on tiles, usually in blue and white, for walls. ''Azulejos'' were also used in Latin American architecture.

<gallery>
Beja26.jpg|[[Quadra (architecture)]] of [[St. John the Baptist]] covered with azulejos in carpet style (17th c.); [[Museu da Reinha D. Leonor]]; [[Beja, Portugal]].
AzulejoPalácioHoteldoBuçaco2.jpg|The [[Battle of Buçaco]], depicted in azulejos.
File:Casa da Música. (6085779239).jpg|Azulejo scenes in Portugal
</gallery>

[[File:17th century delft tile seamonster.jpg|thumb|17th century [[Delft]] blue and white tile with sea monster]]
[[Delftware]] wall tiles, typically with a painted design covering only one (rather small) blue and white tile, were ubiquitous in Holland and widely exported over Northern Europe from the 16th century on, replacing many local industries. Several 18th century royal palaces had porcelain rooms with the walls entirely covered in porcelain in tiles or panels. Surviving examples include ones at [[Museo di Capodimonte|Capodimonte]], Naples, the [[Royal Palace of Madrid]] and the nearby [[Royal Palace of Aranjuez]].

[[File:Demorganducks.jpg|right|thumb|[[William de Morgan]], fantastic ducks on 6-inch tile with luster highlights, Fulham period]]
The Victorian period saw a great revival in tilework, largely as part of the [[Gothic Revival]], but also the [[Arts and Crafts Movement]]. Patterned tiles, or tiles making up patterns, were now mass-produced by machine and reliably level for floors and cheap to produce, especially for churches, schools and public buildings, but also for domestic hallways and bathrooms. For many uses the tougher [[encaustic tile]] was used. Wall tiles in various styles also revived; the rise of the bathroom contributing greatly to this, as well as greater appreciation of the benefit of [[hygiene]] in kitchens. [[William De Morgan]] was the leading English designer working in tiles, strongly influenced by Islamic designs.

Since the Victorian period tiles have remained standard for kitchens and bathrooms, and many types of public area.
[[File:Kopi Susu-Utrecht-2020(1).jpg|thumb|Tiles in a pub in [[Utrecht]], Netherlands]]
[[File:Quiosco modernista Gran Canaria.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A late [[Art Nouveau]] kiosk (1923) in [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]] covered with tiles from [[Manises]], Spain.]]

''[[Panot]]'' is a type of outdoor [[cement tile]] and the associated paving style, both found in [[Barcelona]]. In 2010, around {{Convert|5,000,000|m2|sqft|abbr=on}} of Barcelona streets were panot-tiled.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-11 |title=La verdadera historia del 'panot' de Barcelona |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/barcelona/20180212/44628283022/historia-panot-barcelona-flor-calcada-portuguesa.html |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=La Vanguardia |language=es |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528001034/https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/barcelona/20180212/44628283022/historia-panot-barcelona-flor-calcada-portuguesa.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Portugal and [[São Luís, Maranhão|São Luís]] continue their tradition of ''azulejo'' tilework today, with tiles used to decorate buildings, ships,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://installationmag.com/trafaria-praia-on-the-waterfront/ |title= Trafaria Praia: On the Waterfront |date = 23 August 2013 |access-date= 18 August 2016 |url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109050534/http://installationmag.com/trafaria-praia-on-the-waterfront/ |archive-date = 9 January 2017}}</ref> and even rocks.