Editing Timeline of Christianity (section)

==Middle Ages==
{{Main|Christianity in the Middle Ages}}

*800 King [[Charlemagne]] of the [[Franks]] is crowned first [[Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Emperor]] of the West by [[Pope Leo III]]
*849–865 [[Ansgar]], [[Archbishopric of Bremen|Archbishop of Bremen]], "Apostle of the North", began evangelisation of North Germany, Denmark, Sweden
*855 [[Antipope Anastasius]]: [[Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor]] appoints him over [[Pope Benedict III]] but popular pressure causes withdrawal
*863 [[Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius]] sent by the [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]] to evangelise the [[Slavic peoples]]. They translate the Bible into [[Old Church Slavonic|Slavonic]]
*869–870 Catholic [[Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic)|Fourth Council of Constantinople]] condemns Patriarch [[Photios I of Constantinople|Photius]] (rejected by Orthodox)
*879–880 Orthodox [[Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox)|Fourth Council of Constantinople]] restores Photius, condemns [[Pope Nicholas I]] and [[Filioque clause|Filioque]] (rejected by Catholics)
*897, January [[Cadaver Synod]]: [[Pope Stephen VI]] conducts trial against dead [[Pope Formosus]], public uprising against Stephen leads to his imprisonment and strangulation
*909 [[Abbey of Cluny]], [[Benedictine]] monastery, founded in France
*966 Duke [[Mieszko I]] of Poland baptised; Poland becomes a Christian country
*984 [[Antipope Boniface VII]], murdered [[Pope John XIV]], alleged to have murdered [[Pope Benedict VI]] in 974
*988? [[Christianization of Kievan Rus']]
*991 [[Arnulf (Archbishop of Reims)|Archbishop Arnulf of Rheims]] accuses [[Pope John XV]] of being the [[Antichrist]]
*997–998 [[Antipope John XVI]], deposed by [[Pope Gregory V]] and his cousin [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Otto III]]
*1000 or 1001 [[Stephen I of Hungary|Saint Stephen]] of Hungary crowned; Hungary becomes a Christian country
*1001 Byzantine emperor [[Basil II]] and Fatimid Caliph [[Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah]] execute a treaty guaranteeing the protection of Christian pilgrimage routes in the Middle East
*1009 Caliph [[Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah]] destroys the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, built over the tomb of Jesus in Jerusalem, and then rebuilds it to its current state
*1012 [[Antipope Gregory VI]], removed by [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor]]
*1030 [[Battle of Stiklestad]], considered victory of Christianity over Norwegian paganism
*1045 [[Sigfrid of Sweden]], Benedictine evangelist
*1046 [[Council of Sutri]]: [[Pope Sylvester III]] exiled, [[Pope Gregory VI]] admits to [[simony|buying the papacy]] and resigns, [[Pope Benedict IX]] resigns, council appoints [[Pope Clement II]]
*1054 [[East–West Schism]] split between Eastern ([[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]]) and Western (Roman Catholic) churches formalized
*1058–1059 [[Antipope Benedict X]], defeated in war with [[Pope Nicholas II]] and [[Normans]]
*1061–1064 [[Antipope Honorius II]], rival of [[Pope Alexander II]]
*1065 [[Westminster Abbey]] consecrated
*1073–1085 [[Pope Gregory VII]]: [[Investiture Controversy]] with [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor]], proponent of clerical celibacy, opponent of [[simony]], [[concubinage]], [[Antipope Clement III]]
*1079 [[Stanislaus of Szczepanów]], patron saint of Poland
*1080 ''Hospital of Saint John the Baptist'' founded in Jerusalem by merchants from Amalfi and Salerno – serves as the foundation for the [[Knights Hospitaller]]
*1082 [[Engelberg Abbey]] of Switzerland built
*1093–1109 [[Anselm of Canterbury|Anselm]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], writes ''Cur Deus Homo'' (''Why God Became Man''), a landmark exploration of the [[Atonement in Christianity|Atonement]]
*1095–1291 10 [[Crusades]], first called by [[Pope Urban II]] at [[Council of Clermont]] against [[Fatimid Caliphate|Islamic Empire]], to reconquer the [[Holy Land]] for [[Christendom]]
*1098 Foundation of the reforming monastery of [[Cîteaux]], leads to the growth of the [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] order
*1101 [[Antipope Theodoric]] and [[Antipope Adalbert]] deposed by [[Pope Paschal II]]
*1113 [[Knights Hospitaller]] confirmed by Papal bull of Pope Paschal II, listing Blessed Gerard ([[Gerard Thom]]) as founder, (a.k.a. Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, Knights of Malta, Knights of Rhodes, and Chevaliers of Malta)
*1118 [[Knights Templar]] founded, to defend Holy Land
*1123 Catholic [[First Lateran Council]]
*1124 [[Conversion of Pomerania]] – first mission of [[Otto of Bamberg]]
*1128 [[Holyrood Abbey]] in Scotland
*1128 [[Conversion of Pomerania]] – second mission of [[Otto of Bamberg]]
*1130 [[Peter of Bruys]] [[burned at the stake]]
*1131 [[Tintern Abbey]] founded in Wales
*1131–1138 [[Antipope Anacletus II]]
*1139 Catholic [[Second Lateran Council]]
*1140? [[Decretum Gratiani]], Catholic [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|Canon law]]
*1142 [[Peter Abélard]], [[Historia Calamitatum|Letters of Abelard and Heloise]]
*1144 The [[Saint Denis Basilica]] of [[Abbot Suger]] is the first major building in the style of [[Gothic architecture]]
*1154–1159 [[Pope Adrian IV]], first (and to date only) English pope
*1155 [[Theotokos of Vladimir]] arrives to [[Bogolyubovo, Vladimir Oblast|Bogolyubovo]]
*1155 [[Carmelites]] founded
*1163 Construction begins on [[Notre Dame de Paris]]
*1168 [[Conversion of Pomerania]] – [[Principality of Rugia]] missioned by [[Absalon]]
*1173 [[Waldensians]] founded
*1179 Catholic [[Third Lateran Council]]
*1191 [[Teutonic Knights]] founded
*1204–1261 [[Latin Empire]] of Constantinople
*1205 [[Saint Francis of Assisi]] becomes a [[hermit]], founding the [[Franciscan]] order of [[friar]]s; renounces wealth and begins his ministry
*1208 Start of the [[Albigensian Crusade]] against the [[Cathars]]
*1214 [[Rosary]] is reportedly given to [[St. Dominic]] (who founded [[Dominican Order]]) by an apparition of Mary
*1215 Catholic [[Fourth Lateran Council]] decrees special dress for Jews and Muslims, and declares [[Waldensians]], founded by Peter Waldo, as heretics. One of the goals is the elimination of the heresy of the [[Cathars]]
*1219 Francis of Assisi crosses enemy lines during the Fifth Crusade to speak to Sultan al-Kamil; the meeting ends with a meal. James of Vitry writes that Muslim soldiers returned Francis and another friar, Illuminato, "with signs of honor."<ref>Paul Moses, "Mission Improbable: St. Francis and the Sultan" ''Commonweal'' 25 September 2009, 16.</ref>
*1220–1263 St [[Alexander Nevsky]], holy patron of Russia
*1231 Charter of the [[University of Paris]] granted by [[Pope Gregory IX]]
*1241 [[Pope Gregory IX]] denounced as [[Antichrist]] by Eberhard II von Truchsees, [[Archbishopric of Salzburg|Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg]], at the Council of [[Regensburg]]
*1245 Catholic [[First Council of Lyon]]
*1252, May 15 [[Ad exstirpanda]]: [[Pope Innocent IV]] authorizes use of [[torture]] in [[Inquisitions]]
*1260 Date at which a 1988 Vatican sponsored scientific study places the origin of the [[Shroud of Turin]]
*1263, July 20–24 The [[Disputation of Barcelona]] is held at the royal palace of King James I of Aragon in the presence of the King, his court, and many prominent ecclesiastical dignitaries and knights, between a convert from Judaism to Christianity Dominican Friar [[Pablo Christiani]] and Rabbi [[Nachmanides]]
*1274 [[Summa Theologica|Summa Theologiae]], written by [[Thomas Aquinas]], theologian and philosopher, landmark systematic theology which later becomes official Catholic doctrine
*1274 Catholic [[Second Council of Lyon]]
*1291 Last Crusader city (Acre) falls to the Mamelukes